ACTION PLAN LONG TERM GOAL

1. ACTION PLANLONG TERM GOAL • DEVELOPING 21ST CENTURY SKILLS

2. PRESENTATION ON METHAMETICS TOPIC :FRACTIONS Prepared by Sameen Zaidi DMHS Ph VII

3. SHORT TERM GOALS • INSTRUCTIONAL SRATEGIES AND TASKS • GOALS • CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS • TIMELINES • RESOURCES

4. WHY ARE ACTION PLANS NEEDED • ACTION PLANS COMPEL TEACHERS TO DECLARE WHAT THEY ARE TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH • ACTION PLANS ANTICIPATE PROBLEMS AND IDENTIFY RESOURCES • SUCCESS IS A GREAT MOTIVATOR

5. TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES • REMEMBERING • UNDERSTANDING • APPLYING • ANALYZING ( HIGH ORDER THINKING) • EVALUATING ( HIGH ORDER THINKING) • CREATING ( HIGH ORDER THINKING)

6. BLOOMS TEXONOMY(Short term goals)

7. MATHEMATICSFractions DEFINITION A fraction is part or portion of a whole for example 1/3. word fraction is a derivation of the Latin word FRACTUS meanings broken.

8. HISTORY • When numbers are written in the form of 1/2 ,1/3, 4/3 etc having the number above and below the line are called FRACTIONS. The number above the line is called Numerator and the number below the line is called Denominator. The horizontal line( bar) is called Vinculum. The bar was introduced by Muslim mathematician Al Hasir in 700 AD Reading of fraction is done as 3/4 is read as 3 over 4

9. OBJECTIVES • 1..Basic concepts of fractional numbers. • 2.Proper , improper , and compound fractions • 3. Converting common and decimal fractions and vise versa • 4. Verification of fractional numbers. • 5. Use of Brackets in the common fraction. • 6. Simplification of brackets with four fundamental operations. • 7. Simplification of Expressions involving Decimal fractions. • 8.Word problem in every day life in common fraction. • 9. Word problem in every day life in Decimal fractions.

10. INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES

11. RESOURCE MATERIAL / TEACHING AID • Books • work sheet • computer • handout • multimedia • websites • discussions • power point • slide show

12. BODY : METHODOLOGY • Demonstrative method • Discussion • Descriptive method

13. Usage: • Fractions are reciprocals of integers. • Fractions represent one half, one third etc.( or common fraction) • Fraction is used to represent ratio and represent division e.g ¾ represents 3:4 or 3 divided by 4 • Fraction is used as percentage, percentage is special type of ratio • In day to day running business goods and services are sold and purchased and fraction is used to find loss or profit. • The most significant use of fraction is to divide inheritance e.g 1/8 the wife’s share or 1/2 share of a daughter and the share of a son etc.

14. APPROCH: • Forms of fractions • Vulgar or common fraction (1/2), Proper fraction (3/4), Improper fraction (5/3) • Mixed or compound fraction( 1 ½ ) • Equivalent fraction ( 1/2 = 2/4 ) • Decimal fraction ( 0.34) • Comparing fractions {( less than or greater than) ( 2 > 1 , 5 < 7)} • Reciprocal and Invisible denominator

15. COVERAGE OF THE TOPIC :FOUR OPPERATIONS • Addition of fraction with same denominator . • Addition of fraction with same denominator is done simply by adding the numerators as a rule. • Subtraction of fraction with same denominator • Subtraction of fraction with same denominator is done by subtracting the numerators as a rule. • Addition and subtraction with different denominators • In this way of addition and subtraction we must find the lowest common multiple (LCM) to have a common denominator. Thus we have a tool to solve the problem.

16. FOUR OPPERATIONS • Multiplication of fractions • Multiplication of fractions is done by two methods • The numerators are multiplied to make a new numerator and the denominators are multiplied to make a new denominator ( 4/6 x 2/3 = 8/ 18) • When multiplying or dividing it may be possible to cancel down crosswise (canceling tops with bottoms.)e.g 2/7 x 7/8 = 1/4 • Division • In division the method of reciprocal is used .Reciprocal means interchanging of denominator of the second fraction e.g ( 2/7 ÷ 8/7 = 2/7 x 7/8) = 1/4 ) • To divide the fractions simply multiply by the reciprocal of the given number. Division is also done by canceling

17. Brackets • There are four kinds of brackets which are solved in prescribed sequence. • 1.Bar _____ • 2.Parenthesis ( ) • 3.Braces or Curly Brackets { } • 4. Square brackets [ ]

18. BODMAS • Subsequently , if the four operations and brackets come together in a sum of fraction, then they must be solved according to the rules of BODMAS and the sequence of four operations must strictly be followed for the correct result. e.g

19. Solve the following : 1 ½ - [ 1 ÷ { 2 ÷ ( 4 – 1 + 3 ) } ] 3 5 5 10 5 1 ½ - [ 1 ÷ { 2 ÷ ( 4 – 1 + 3 ) } ] Change into Improper Fraction 3 5 5 10 5 = 3 - [ 1 ÷ 2 ÷ 4 – 1+ 6 ) } ] Solve the bar first of all. 2 3 5 5 10 = 3 - [ 1 ÷ { 2 ÷ ( 4 – 7 ) } ] Solve the parenthesis. 2 3 5 5 10 = 3 – [ 1 ÷ { 2 ÷ ( 8 – 7 ) } ] Take the LCM = 10 2 3 5 10 = 3 ÷ [ 1 ÷ { 2 x 10 } ] 2 3 5 1 = 3 – [ 1÷ { 4 }] Solve division by reciprocal 2 3 1 = 3 – [ 1 ÷ 4 ] 2 3 1 = 3 – [ 1 x 1 ] Now solve the square brackets 2 3 4 = 3 – 1 Take LCM = 12 2 12 = 18 – 1 12 = 17 The result is in improper action 12 5 Change to mixed fraction 1 12

20. SUMMERY / OVER VIEW • When numbers are written like ½ , 2/3 etc they are called fractions. Fractions are of many kinds. Brackets and four operations are solved together according to the rules and sequence in sums of fractions. • REVISION • All the under consideration topics will be revised.

21. INTERNET MATERIAL • www.google.com and search Learning and Teaching Mathematics