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Meanwhile……. While the Roman armies were fighting the Punic Wars in the West. They were also involved in conflicts in the East. About 230 - 210 BC. Rome now controlled the entire eastern Adriatic coast. Rome also defeated King Philip V of Macedonia. King Philip V of Macedonia.
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Meanwhile……. • While the Roman armies were fighting the Punic Wars in the West. • They were also involved in conflicts in the East. • About 230 - 210 BC
Rome now controlled the entire eastern Adriatic coast. • Rome also defeated King Philip V of Macedonia.
King Philip V of Macedonia • King Philip V of Macedonia tried to block Rome’s expansion in the Adriatic Region but failed.
Rome • After defeating King Philip V of Macedonia they fought Seleucid King Antiochus III. • King Antiochus III was forced to give Rome all his territories in Asia Minor..
In 133 BC Roman legions seized a kingdom in Asia Minor (Pergamum) • Rome left Syria and Egypt independent. • But they forced all other Asia Minor rulers into alliances
In 130 BC The Romans were the undisputed masters of the Mediterranean. • They started to call the Mediterranean “Mare Nostrum” meaning “Our Sea”
Exploiting the Provinces • Rome organized its non-Italian territories into provinces that had to pay tribute to Rome and recognize its authority. • The Senate appointed governors called proconsuls to look after these provinces • At first these provinces seemed to be a source of endless wealth for Rome
Exploiting the Provinces • Since the provinces did not like this treatment they rebelled. • Rome had to place legions in most of the provinces. • By having to place legions in the provinces it ended up costing more money and the provinces began to strain all of Rome’s resources. • Eventually the provinces did accept and adjust to Roman rule.
Changing of the Countryside • The Roman’s acquired property in these new provinces. • The Roman’s rented this land to the latifundia who used slaves to work their land. • Since they had cheap labour they produce and sell their crops very cheap. This ended up putting many farmers out of business
Crowding the Cities • Since the provinces were struggling financially: • Poor farmers streamed into Rome because bread cost pennies and public shows and games were free. • However, when they arrived in Rome they discovered that most of the jobs were already being completed by slaves.
Crowding the Cities • Since there were not many jobs to be found the citizens were hungry. • The poor hungry citizens would vote for any leader who promised cheaper food and more amusements.
Reformers and Generals • Many people living in Rome did not like what was happening in the city. • The disliked the latifundia because they were ruining Italy. There were no jobs because of the latifundia. • The poor plebeians were also going to ruin the city because they were costing so much to look after.
Reformers and Generals • Tiberius Gracchus (Grandson to Scipio) • Won office in 133 BC and proposed a law to take back land from the latifundia and give the land back to the citizens. • The Senate opposed this law but it still passed because of the plebeian Assembly of Tribes. • After this law passed Tiberius and 300 of his followers were killed in a riot.
Reformers and Generals • Gaius Gracchus (Tiberius’s brother) was elected 10 years later • The persuaded the plebeian Assembly to give more land to farmers. Gaius also set up a government program to sell grain at low prices. • 121 BC Gaius was killed in a riot planned by his enemies. • 111 BC The Senate put a stop to the land reforms.
Julius Caesar • Engineering an Empire - Rome - 1_9.mp4
