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The Elements and Principles of Design

The Elements and Principles of Design. The Elements of Design. Line, shape & form, texture, space, colour and value are the Elements of Design. The artist uses the elements together to send a visual message. They help to depict the subject matter in a way that expresses the artist’s meaning.

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The Elements and Principles of Design

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  1. The Elements and Principles of Design

  2. The Elements of Design • Line, shape & form, texture, space, colour and value are the Elements of Design. • The artist uses the elements together to send a visual message. They help to depict the subject matter in a way that expresses the artist’s meaning.

  3. LINE • -begins with a dot and creates a path as it moves-can represent different moods

  4. SHAPE • -a line that begins and ends at the same point • -2-D only (height and width) organic geometric

  5. FORM • -3-D (height, width, and depth) • -enclosed mass or volume • -important for sculptures organic geometric

  6. TEXTURE • Real:the feel of an object’s surface – experienced by touch • Ex. Sandpaper, leather, tree bark, cotton balls, etc. • Simulated: surface has the appearance of being textured but in reality it is smooth – created through the use of colour and value

  7. SPACE: PERSPECTIVE • the distance between two points, the illusion of depth Size Overlap Placement -small = far away-object being blocked-high = far -large = close up looks farther away-low = close

  8. ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE • creating illusion of distance by representing objects further away with less clarity of contour and diminished in colour

  9. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE • all parallel lines receding into the distance are drawn to one or more imaginary vanishing points on the horizon.

  10. Converging Lines

  11. COLOUR • Hue: name of colour “red” • Value: dark or light quality of a colour • Intensity: brightness/dullness of a colour • Primary: red, yellow, blue • Secondary: green, orange, purple • Intermediate (tertiary): made by mixing one primary and one Secondary (ex. Blue-green)

  12. COLOUR • Complementary: colours opposite on the colour wheel – red/green, blue/orange, yellow/purple • Analogous: colours next to each other on the colour wheel (ex. Red, red-orange, orange) • Warm/Cool: warm (red, orange, yellow) colours come forward, cool (blue, green, purple) colours move backward • Monochromatic: different values of the same colour (ex. Light blue, blue, dark blue)

  13. MONOCHROMATIC COLOURS

  14. ANALOGOUS COLOURS

  15. COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS

  16. WARM AND COOL COLOURS

  17. COLOUR WHEEL

  18. VALUE • dark or light quality of a colour – to lighten, mix with white, to darken, mix with black. • the stronger the contrast, the more dramatic the work • light values = high keyed, dark values = low keyed HIGH KEY LOW KEY

  19. THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN • The Principles of Design describe the general ways in which artists arrange the parts of their compositions. These organizers are balance, unity, dominance, variety, pattern, movement and rhythm.

  20. BALANCE • Refers to a way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art.

  21. BALANCE Symmetrical – formal, simplest kind, -designs with two identical halves Asymmetrical – informal – not the same on both sides -large objects are balanced by smaller objects Radial – organized around a central point -occurs when objects are positioned around a centre point (ex. Bike wheel, flower, etc)

  22. DOMINANCE (OR EMPHASIS) • -using opposing sizes, shapes, colours or other elements to place greater attention on certain areas or shapes • -other details will appear less important, but still add to the work of art.

  23. MOVEMENT • -used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art.

  24. RHYTHM (OR REPETITION) • -closely related to movement. • The placement of repeated elements in a work create a visual tempo or beat.

  25. PATTERN • -combinations of lines, colours, and shapes used in repeated shapes (like wallpaper)

  26. VARIETY (OR CONTRAST) • -difference in values, colours, textures and other elements in an artwork to achieve emphasis and interest (the opposite of repetition)

  27. UNITY (OR HARMONY) • -sense of oneness or wholeness. A single theme using all elements in one pleasing design. • -like musical instruments in an orchestra

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