Introduction to Arup

1. History of High Speed Railin theUnited States of AmericaTexas/European High-speed Rail SymposiumTexas A&M UniversitySeptember 28, 2009Steve Clark, PEARUP

2. Introduction to Arup • Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in 1946 based on a belief in ‘total design’ — the integration of the design process and the interdependence of all the professions involved, the creative nature of engineering, the value of innovation and the social purpose of design. • 10,000+ engineers, designers, planners, management consultants and economists • 92 networked offices • 37 countries worldwide

3. Arup Office Locations 86 Offices Worldwide

4. HSR in the United States

5. High Speed Rail in the United States Thank You!

6. History of HSR in the USA • Technology • Projects • New Hope in 2009! • Thoughts about the Future

7. Starting Points • MYTH: The United States has no Railroads

8. Starting Points • High Speed in USA: ≥110mph (177 km/hr) • FRA Track Classes • None for >200 mph

9. US-HSR Technology

10. 1960’s • Urban Mass Transit Administration (1964) • Operational Ideas • Station-to-station • Door-to-door • Continuous Capacity • Equipment • Tracked air-cushion • Linear Induction • Rolling vehicles • Underground tube vehicle systems • Auto-trains • Automated highway systems • 200 mph to 300 mph aspirations • Personal Vehicle Orientation

11. 1960’s Ideas

12. 1960’s

13. The 1970’s • High Speed Ground Transportation Project (HSGT) • UMTA selected three companies • Garrett Corporation • Grumman Aerospace Corporation • Rohr Industries, Inc. • Department of Transportation (DOT) Research Center • Pueblo Colorado • PhD “Disney Land” • Garrett: Linear Induction Motor Research Vehicle (LIMRV) – 250 mph • Grumman: Tracked Air Cushion Research Vehicle (TACRV) - 300 mph • Rohr: Tracked Air Cushion Vehicle (TACV) – 170 mph

14. DOT Test Center – Pueblo, Colorado

15. DOT Test Center – Pueblo, Colorado • Today it is the Transportation Technology Center • owned by the DOT • Maintained and Operated by Transportation Technology Center, Incorporated • TTCI is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the AAR • TTI at Texas A&M is an “AAR Affiliated Lab”

16. Rohr Aerotrain TACV

17. Rohr Aerotrain TACV

18. Rohr Aerotrain TACV

19. Rohr Aerotrain TACV

20. Garrett LIMRV

21. Grumman TACRV

22. 1960’s and 1970’s • 1975 – HSGT Act Ends • No success with HSGT Vehicle Research Program • Noise • Static Electricity • Heat • Dust Storms • Mice

23. 1980’s and 1990’s • 1975 to 1994 • In general, the USA did not participate in the advancement of Federally funded HSR technology • March 1994 • Amtrak begins work on the Acela Express • November 2000 – Inaugural Run

24. Acela Express • Boston and Washington: 456 mi (734 km) • Up to 150 mph • 70 mph average • 9,000 pass per day • 3 million pass per year

25. Acela Express • Technology • Bombardier – GEC Alstom JV • 1435 mm gauge • FRA Tier II Crashworthiness • 8-Car Trainsets (20 trains) • 2 - 6,000 hp, 11kVAC power cars • 1 - Café car • 1 - First Class car • 4 – Business Class cars

26. US-HSR Projects

27. 1960’s and 1970’s • 1965 – High Speed Ground Transportation Act • Focus on Northeast Corridor (NEC) • Focus on technologies • Metroliner and Turboliner (1969) • HSGT Research • 1970 – Rail Passenger Service Act • National Rail Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) • 1971 – Amtrak Starts Service • Takes over intercity passenger service from Freight Railroads • 1975 – HSGT Act Ends • Focus shifts to NEC • 1976 – Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act • Title VII – Northeast Corridor Improvement Project • $3.3 billion for track, bridges, signals, facilities

28. 1980’s • 1980 - Passenger Rail Rebuilding Act • Shift to study “Emerging Corridors” • Amtrak - State combined efforts • 1984 - Grants of $4 million for corridor analyses • 1986 – State HSR Entities and Franchises • Florida • Ohio • Texas • California • Nevada • Late 1980’s – Maglev • Congress directs the FRA to study Maglev • Through-out 1980’s • Individual State Initiatives without success

29. Texas Triangle

30. 1990’s • 1991 – National Maglev Initiative • $12 million appropriation • Department of Transportation • Army Corps of Engineers • Department of Energy • 1991 – Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act • Ground Transportation Program - $800 million • $725 million for US-designed Maglev • $50 million for HSGT demonstration technologies • $25 million for R&D • Funding was “authorized” but not “appropriated”

31. 1990’s • 1991 – Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act • $30 million appropriated for Grade Crossing Projects • West • California, Oregon, Washington • Mid-West • Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin • East • Florida,, North Carolina, Virginia • 1991 - HSR Corridors start • 1994 – Amtrak Acela Program

32. 2000 – New Millenium • 2000 – Acela service starts • 2000 – 2008 • Difficult Years for Passenger Rail, in general • Individual States continue efforts to develop HSR • 2009 – ARRA and PRIIA • ARRA: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act • Authorizes and appropriates money • PRIIA: Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act • Process to allocate ARRA $$ • $8 billion for HSR • 278 Pre-Applications, $102 billion total

33. Today and Tomorrow

34. USA Designated HSR Corridors

35. Emerging Megaregions (from 2050)

36. Where HSR Works Best (from 2050)

37. Where to Build HSR • Best Places for HSR • Where People Live

38. And who says we don’t have HSR in the USA?

39. Cedar Point – Sandusky, Ohio

40. Thank you! Steve Clark, PEsteve.clark@arup.com+1 (713) 783-2787