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Module 2 Preparing Systems for SQL Server 2008 R2

Module 2 Preparing Systems for SQL Server 2008 R2. Module Overview. Overview of SQL Server Architecture Planning Server Resource Requirements Pre-installation Testing for SQL Server. Lesson 1: Overview of SQL Server Architecture. SQL Server Architecture CPU Usage by SQL Server

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Module 2 Preparing Systems for SQL Server 2008 R2

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  1. Module 2 Preparing Systems for SQL Server 2008 R2

  2. Module Overview • Overview of SQL Server Architecture • Planning Server Resource Requirements • Pre-installation Testing for SQL Server

  3. Lesson 1: Overview of SQL Server Architecture • SQL Server Architecture • CPU Usage by SQL Server • Parallelism • 32 bit vs. 64 bit Servers • Overview of SQL Server Memory • Physical vs. Logical I/O • Demonstration 1A: CPU and Memory Configurations in SSMS

  4. SQL Server Architecture Users • Query Execution Layer • Parses and optimizes the queries, and manages the caching and execution of query execution plans • Storage Engine Layer • Manages buffer pages, I/O to the physical files, locking, and transactions • SQL OS Layer • Provides an abstraction layer over common OS functions, providing task and memory management SQL OS Query Execution Storage Engine Configuration

  5. CPU Usage by SQL Server • Windows uses preemptive scheduling of threads • One scheduler for every logical CPU created in SQL OS • Manages the threads retrieved from Windows and assigns tasks to threads • Minimizes context switches through cooperative scheduling • CPU availability can be configured without restart • Schedulers can be enabled or disabled • CPU affinity mask can be set • Tasks waiting on a resource are moved to a waiting list • Wait type and time are recorded • Details are useful for monitoring and troubleshooting

  6. Parallelism Parallelism refers to multiple processors cooperating to execute a single query at the same time. • SQL Server can decide to distribute queries to more than one task • Tasks can run in parallel • Overall execution is faster • Synchronization overhead is incurred • Parallelism is only considered for expensive plans • Max degree of parallelism defines how many CPUs can be used for execution of a parallel query • Can be overridden using the MAXDOP query hint • Cost threshold for parallelism defines minimal cost for considering parallel plans

  7. 32 bit vs. 64 bit Servers • Virtual Address Space is the memory that can be allocated to applications such as SQL Server • 4GB on 32 bit systems (2-3GB available for the application) • 8TB on X64 systems and 7TB on IA64 systems • 4GB for 32 bit applications running on WOW on 64bit OS • AWE extension can be used to access additional memory on 32bit systems • Additional memory can only be used for data page caching • SQL Server performance strongly depends on memory • Installing 64 bit versions is preferred • 64 bit options available for all editions of SQL Server

  8. Overview of SQL Server Memory • Buffer Pool is the main memory object of SQL Server • Holds data cache • Provides memory for other SQL Server components • Is divided into 8K pages • Components can request memory from VAS directly • Occurs when more than 8KB of continuous memory is required • SQL OS automatically allocates as much memory as needed • Has a mechanism to prevent memory shortage on the system • Can be configured using min and max server memory options

  9. Physical vs. Logical I/O

  10. Demonstration 1A: CPU and Memory Configurations in SSMS • In this demonstration, you will see: • How to configure SQL Server CPU and Memory using SSMS • How to review configuration options using T-SQL

  11. Lesson 2: Planning Server Resource Requirements • Introduction to Planning Server Resource Requirements • Discussion: Previous Exposure to Resource Planning • Planning CPU Requirements • Planning Memory Requirements • Planning Network Requirements • Planning Storage and I/O Requirements

  12. Introduction to Planning Server Resource Requirements • No easy formula for calculating resource requirements exists • Planning involves • Checking with ISV or developers • Ask for reference installations and case studies • Request details of previous experiences with the application • Performing tests with real live workloads • Setting goals and evaluating results against them • Planning and predicting further grow of the workload and database • Monitor the outcome after release into production

  13. Discussion: Previous Exposure to Resource Planning • Resource Planning is an important part of new installations • What is your previous experience with planning of new systems? • How successful was the planning?

  14. Planning CPU Requirements • Processor planning is relatively straightforward • Test on a typical workload and monitor CPU usage • CPU should be below 30 percent in average • Peaks can occur but should not last too long • More processors provide better parallelism options • Assists with large numbers of concurrent connections • Assists with high data warehouse loads • Dedicated database server should use all available CPUs • Many new systems use NUMA architecture • Check with hardware vendor for optimal SQL Server configuration

  15. Planning Memory Requirements • SQL Server is highly dependent on memory • Caches help to reduce I/O and CPU • Data cache reduces I/O • Plan cache reduces the need for recompiling queries • Memory to store and process data is required during query execution • Memory shortage can lead to CPU and I/O pressure • Plan to have enough memory • Able to cache frequently accessed data • Consider memory consumption of other services running on the system

  16. Planning Network Requirements • Plan and test the throughput needed for the application • Consider using several network adapters • Consider dedicating a network connection to administrative purposes • Writing Backups to network devices • Transferring data to other instances using SSIS • Use a dedicated network connection when using database mirroring • Choose and configure the network protocols used • Check firewall configurations • Test in a network environment similar to the target production system

  17. Planning Storage and I/O Requirements • I/O requirements need to be determined and tested • Considerations for storage • Dedicated vs. SAN based storage • RAID systems used • Number of spindles involved (often more important than disk size) • I/O caching configuration (disk and write caching)

  18. Lesson 3: Pre-installation Testing for SQL Server • Overview of Pre-installation Testing • Perform Pre-checks of I/O subsystems • Introducing SQLIOSIM • Introducing SQLIO • Demonstration 3A: Using SQLIOSIM & SQLIO

  19. Overview of Pre-installation Testing • Planning and testing is strongly coupled • After the first planning phase tests must be performed • Check if the predictions made are met • Change the predictions based on the results • Check if the goals set in the planning phase are fulfilled • Test different configurations involving • Storage and I/O layout • Memory, CPU and Network configurations • Document every test run for later use

  20. Perform Pre-checks of I/O subsystems • Test different I/O types and sizes • Small random reads and write on data files for OLTP systems • Larger sequential reads and writes for OLAP systems • Sequential writes for log storage • Test with different numbers of files involved • Use test files that are similar to your target configuration • Determine the saturation point of an I/O subsystem by gradually increasing the load • Validate results against expected outcome • Based on the goals you set • Checked against the potential I/O capabilities of the system

  21. Introducing SQLIOSIM • Unsupported tool provided by Microsoft to test the functional correctness of storage systems. • Can be run through command line and and GUI

  22. Introducing SQLIO • Unsupported tool provided by Microsoft to test the performance of storage systems. • Command line tool that can be configured to specific I/O Pattern

  23. Demonstration 3A: Using SQLIOSIM & SQLIO • In this demonstration, you will see how to: • Configure SQLIOSim to stress test a server • Test different I/O patterns using the SQLIO utility

  24. Lab 2: Preparing Systems for SQL Server • Exercise 1: Adjust memory configuration • Exercise 2: Perform Pre-installation Stress Testing • Challenge Exercise 3: Check Specific I/O Operations (Only if time permits) Logon information Estimated time: 45minutes

  25. Lab Scenario You have reviewed the additional instance of SQL Server. A system administrator at AdventureWorks has expressed some concerns that the existing server may not have enough memory or I/O capacity to support this new SQL Server instance and is reviewing a new I/O subsystem. As the database administrator, you need to review the available server memory and the memory allocated to each of the existing SQL Server instances. You need to ensure that the I/O subsystem of the new server is capable of running SQL Server and the required workload correctly.

  26. Lab Review • Why is running SQLIOSim on the VM difficult? • Should you use SQLIOSIM or SQLIO to test the performance of a system with 8KB random reads?

  27. Module Review and Takeaways • Review Questions • Best Practices

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