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Civil War - Causes

Explore the economic, cultural, and political differences that fueled sectionalism leading to the Civil War. Learn about key events like the Missouri Compromise, Abolition Movement, and Harper's Ferry raid.

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Civil War - Causes

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  1. Civil War - Causes

  2. Sectionalism: placing the interest of one’s region ahead of the nation

  3. Economic Differences • North • Tariff on British goods made the sale of Northern goods increase • North=rich! • Transportation links: mass canals, RRs = commerce • South • Tariff on British goods bad! It reduced exports and the British bought less cotton • South=mad! • Transportation links: no canals, few RRs connecting to big cities

  4. Cultural Differences • North • Fast –paced lifestyle • Work outside the home • South • Farming • Old fashioned • Self-sufficient • Land of chivalry

  5. Political Differences • North • Federal Power • South • State Power Virginia

  6. Range of Opinions • Proslavery • Southern Plantation owners who believed in slavery and its necessity for daily life • Popular Sovereignty • Belief that residents of a territory should be able to choose for themselves • Free Soil • A political party formed to oppose the extension of slavery within the US • Abolition • The ending of legalized slavery

  7. Congressional Efforts at Settling the IssueMissouri Compromise • Missouri Compromise • A series of laws enacted in 1820 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states • Maine = free • Missouri = slave

  8. Congressional Efforts at Settling the IssueCompromise of 1850: Fugitive Slave Law • California = free; Utah and New Mexico use popular sovereignty for slavery • Slave trade in DC is illegal, but not slavery • Stricter fugitive slave laws

  9. Congressional Efforts at Settling the IssuePopular Sovereignty • Intention to allow people to choose for themselves in their own territory • Effect on Kansas – flooded with pro and anti slavery folks – led to riots • John Brown – remember him?

  10. Civil War Secession Map

  11. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Lincoln (R) and Douglas (D) debate in race for Senate, Douglas reelected • Douglas weakened in south, Lincoln gives famous speech “ A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this gov’t cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free…”

  12. The Election of 1860 • Lincoln elected to presidency, 1st Rep. pres. Only wins 39% of pop. Vote • Shows how divided the nation is

  13. Southern Secession • South Carolina leaves Union • By Feb. 1861, 6 more states leave forming Confederate States of America  Civil War

  14. cwmap.pdf

  15. 1. Abolition Movement, Garrison, Douglass • Movement to outlaw slavery, Garrison - radical white abolitionist (The Liberator), Douglass - former slave, powerful writer and speaker B. Douglass- Brought more attention to issue nationally and to whites

  16. 2. Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Attacked 4 plantations, killed 60 whites B. Strengthened southern resolve to defend slavery

  17. 3. Fugitive Slave Act • Harsh laws stripped fugitives of trial by jury, could not testify on own behalf, heavy fines for helping runaways • Many northerners angered by laws, wanted to organize groups to get slaves to Canada, passed personal liberty laws for fugitives, southern slave owners enraged

  18. 4. Harriet Tubman and the Underground RR • Network of people who helped slaves escape to north and then Can. Tubman helped 300, 19 trips B. Many arrived to freedom

  19. H.B. Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Abolitionist publishes book in 1852 about the evils of slavery B. Book was in response to Fugitive Slave Law, bestseller that horrified many, south felt it was a criticism on way of life

  20. 6. Bleeding Kansas • Violence in Kansas to decide slavery for the territory B. Violent battlefield, foreshadowing of Civil War

  21. 7. Dred Scott v. Sanford • Filed lawsuit that he should be free because he lived in free territory many years, owner died • Court ruled that Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, Congress couldn’t forbid slavery in territories, it interfered w/ 5th Amendment right to hold property South – cheered North – felt that Supreme Court cleared the way for the extension of slavery

  22. 8. Harper’s Ferry and John Brown • John Brown lead a raid on a federal arsenal with plans to distribute weapons to slaves and start an uprising • Uprising unsuccessful, Brown hoped to start a war abolition of slavery, but he’s executed, some see him as a martyr South – outraged, suspicious of north, many call for disunion or secession

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