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Mineral Classification

Mineral Classification . In case you haven’t figured it out!. Minerals are classified by chemical composition . 1. Minerals with the same anion or anionic group have unmistakable family resemblances. For example, the carbonates resemble each other more closely than say the minerals of Cu.

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Mineral Classification

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  1. Mineral Classification In case you haven’t figured it out!

  2. Minerals are classified by chemical composition • 1. Minerals with the same anion or anionic group have unmistakable family resemblances. For example, the carbonates resemble each other more closely than say the minerals of Cu. • 2. They occur together in nature, for example, it is very common to find both calcite and dolomite in the same rocks. • 3. It agrees with the naming of inorganic compounds in chemistry.

  3. And at the next level • Once minerals have been grouped by chemical composition, they can be further separated into groups on the basis of internal structure.

  4. Native Elements • Metals • Semi Metals • Non Metals

  5. Sulfides • Including sulfarsenides; arsenides and tellurides

  6. Sulfosalts • In these minerals, As and Sb play a role more akin to metals than anions. Many important Ag minerals are sulfosalts.

  7. Oxides • a) simple and multiple where O combines with one or metals (cations) • Simple • Multiple • b) hydroxides with OH- group and H2O molecules

  8. Halides • these minerals have Cl, Br, F, and I as anions

  9. Carbonates • Based on the carbonate radical • Hexagonal; orthorhombic; and monoclinic • You have examples of all three!

  10. Nitrates • NO3 radical • Only 7 known minerals

  11. Borates • (BO3)-3 can form polymers--about 100 known minerals So are they iso, meso, or aniso desmic?

  12. Phosphates • (PO4)-3 are usually hydrous as well

  13. Sulfates • (SO4)-2 can be hydrous or anhydrous

  14. Tungstates (WO4)-2 scheelite and wolframite are both ore minerals for W

  15. Silicates (SiO4) -4 • The most important group of minerals!! • Nesosilicates • Sorosilicates • Cyclosilicates • Inosilicates • Phyllosilicates • Tectosilicates

  16. Why can they form so many structures? • Mesodesmic • Remember this term?

  17. Nesosilicates

  18. Sorosilicates

  19. Cyclosilicates

  20. Inosilicates

  21. Phyllosilicates

  22. Tectosilicates

  23. What is the best way for you to remember formulas • General formulas!! • Next time

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