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Management Information Systems

Management Information Systems. Recent Topics in IT. Overview. Introduction What is MIS? IS and Decision Making IS and Technology IS and Business MIS Careers IS Opportunities and Challenges. Computer Literacy. “To err is human, but to really foul things up requires a computer”

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Management Information Systems

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  1. Management Information Systems Recent Topics in IT

  2. Overview Introduction What is MIS? IS and Decision Making IS and Technology IS and Business MIS Careers IS Opportunities and Challenges

  3. Computer Literacy “To err is human, but to really foul things up requires a computer” - Anonymous

  4. What is MIS? Identifying the information that is needed for effective decisionmaking in organizations Developing information systems to satisfy those needs

  5. What is MIS? In other words….. “ MIS is using technology to create business value.”

  6. What do MIS professionals do? MIS TECHNOLOGY Bridge the gap between business and technical minds BUSINESS

  7. Information Systems (IS) A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization

  8. Technology – the means by which data is transformed and organized for business use: • Hardware • Software • Database • Telecommunication • People – the users of IS • Organization -- a collection of functional units working together to achieve a common goal

  9. Functional units of business organizations: • production • sales/marketing • finance/accounting • human resources  maximize profit by producing goods and/or services

  10. Functional Areas of Business • The manufacturing and production function is responsible for producing the firm's goods and services. There are three stages of the manufacturing/ production process: • inbound logistics • production • outbound logistics

  11. Functional Areas of Business • The sales and marketing function is responsible for finding customers for the firm's product or service and selling the firm's product or service to those customers. The sales and marketing process consists of • identifying and creating markets • developing markets • maintaining markets

  12. Functional Areas of Business The finance and accounting function is responsible for managing the firm's financial assets and maintaining the firm's financial records. The finance process involves managing the firm's financial assets, whereas the accounting process is involved primarily in financial record keeping.

  13. Functional Areas of Business • The human resource function is responsible for attracting and maintaining an appropriate work force for the firm. The human resources process entails • attracting the work force • developing the firm's work force to meet the firm's personnel needs • maintaining the work force

  14. Computer vs IS literacy

  15. IS in Business • Business functions • Business processes • A series of interrelated activities through which work is organized and focused to produce a product or service • Business levels • Strategic (long range planning) • Tactical (co-ordinate & supervise) • Operational (produce product & service)

  16. The order generation and fulfillment process (Fig. 2.2)

  17. Role of IS in Business Competitive advantage Low-cost (value chain) Market niche Product differentiation Customer loyalty Globalization People (language) Organization (culture) Technology (telecommunication)

  18. The value chain views the firm as a series of basic activities that add value to a firm's products or services (Fig. 3-2) Primary activities • inbound logistics, • operations, • outbound logistics, • sales and marketing • service Support activities • administration and management • human resources • technology and procurement.

  19. Quality Process simplification Benchmarking Customer focus Cycle time reduction Improve design & production Error reduction Reengineering Business processes redesign Ethical & social responsibility Information rights & privacy Intellectual property Accountability & liability Quality of life

  20. IS Approach to Problem Solving Systems Analysis Systems Design

  21. Systems Analysis & Design • Systems Analysis • Problem analysis (what) • Information gathering (where & why) • Decision making (how) • Establish objectives • Determine feasibility • Choose best solution • Systems Design (Input, Process, Output, Procedures, Control) • Logical design

  22. Systems Analysis & Design • Systems Design • Logical design (what will the system do?) • Input: content, format, source, volume, frequency, timing • Process: rule, model, formula, timing • Output: content, format, organization, volume, freq., timing • Storage: data, format, organization, relationship, volume • Procedure: manual activities, rule, sequence, timing, location • Control: security, accuracy, validity, supervision • Physical design (how the system will work?) • Input: keyboard, voice, scanner • Process: PC, operating system, software • Output: print-outs, files, audio • Storage: tape, CD • Procedure: batching, backup, auditing, data entry • Control: batch control, password, audit logs • Implementation (coding, testing, training)

  23. Technology perspective to problem solving

  24. Organizational perspective to problem solving

  25. People perspective to problem solving

  26. IS and Decision Making

  27. Managerial Levels Senior managers: long-range strategic decisions about products and services Middle managers: Carry out the programs and plans of senior management Operational managers: monitor the firm’s daily activities

  28. Data versus Information To make good decisions, accurate data can be transformed into information. Information Processing Cycle Input  Process  Output  Storage (Data) (Information)

  29. Data and Information Data versus Information

  30. Characteristics of GoodInformation Subjective Value Relevant Timely Accurate Meaningful Format Complete Accessible

  31. IS and Technology Hardware, software, databases, networks and other related components Computers and other technologies are used to build information systems What technology should be used?

  32. Information Systems inBusiness • Functional Areas of Business • Sales and Marketing • Manufacturing / Service • Finance / Accounting • Human Resource • Cross Functional

  33. Widening Scope of IS

  34. Careers in MIS SOFT SKILLS Communication Teamwork Patience Creativity Decision Making TECHNICAL SKILLS Technical Curiosity Problem Solving Analytical Programming Synthesis BUSINESS SKILLS! What does it take to succeed?

  35. Careers in MIS Project Managers / CIO System Design Software Design Internet Database Network / Telecommunications System Analyst

  36. MIS Career Outlook – GREAT! Pays well too! Network systems & data communications analysts - Computer software engineers, applications - Personal financial advisors - Financial analysts - Substance abuse and behavioral counselors

  37. IS Opportunities Increase worker productivity Enhance decision making Improve team collaboration Create business partnerships and alliances Enhance global competitiveness Support corporate strategy Improve quality of goods and services Rapidly changing technology

  38. IS Challenges Workforce downsizing Information overload Employee mistrust Difficult to build Security breaches Rapidly changing technology

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