Safety Learning Journeys: Where are we going?

1. Safety Learning Journeys: Where are we going? Jim Saveland Program Manager for Human Factors & Risk Mgt Fort Collins, CO November 30, 2011

3. Evolution of Psychology Pre-Freud/Jung Descartes/Spinoza William James Freud/Jung Repressed unconscious Talk therapy Behaviorism Pavlov, Skinner, Watson Cognitive Revolution CBT Emotion Revolution Adaptive unconscious Mind-Body Positive Psychology Allan Schore, 2009, 1:42 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFSbWuRn-oo&feature=related

4. P H S An In Re2, Ri C/C – ASu,Pe,Re,Se L-D E

5. Bullet-Proof

6. Some of My Trauma History 6/11/1979 DC-3 N148Z Crashes in Selway River South Canyon July 6, 1994 9/8/06 Robby Bishop 10/15/08 Eric Brown 06/04/10 Dale Uptmor Glover Ridge, 8/22/1984 Bill “JB” Martin, 5/31/1991 RAM Air training jump Greg Hill 11/20/86 N7311Q Iron – 44 August 5, 2008

7. A Passion for… Safety Can it be cultivated without the trauma?

8. Safety Risk

9. Safety Risk Analysis Intuition

10. Dual Processes SYSTEM 1 SYSTEM 2 Slow, effortful, controlled, conscious, flexible, decontextualized, and demanding of working memory. Rule-based, abstract, and involves language Analytic Planning and reflecting • Fast, effortless, automatic, nonconscious, inflexible, heavily contextualized, and undemanding of working memory. • Associative, context-bound, and non-linquistic. • Intuitive • Improvisation

11. Safety Performance Risk

12. Dan Jansen Videos Commercial, 0:30 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWYRH5jnQBo Resiliency – Looking Forward, 2:24 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbzohtyiZP8&feature=relmfu Benefits of Recovery, 2:24 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5mmbYxux1M&feature=relmfu

13. My Bias - Our mental models of Performance: --guided by sports psychology --informed by trauma psychology

14. “President Roosevelt, in his address to the Governors at the White House, prophetically remarked that ‘The conservation of our national resources is only preliminary to the larger question of national efficiency.’” 1911

15. What’s Missing??? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_l12ByOyzO0&feature=relmfu Jim Loehr and Jack Groppel, 2:15

16. Health & Safety P Ri An In

17. P H S An In Re2, Ri L-D E

18. Resilience EngineeringComplex Systems Safety Leveson Dekker Woods Hollnagel Jens Rasmussen Sidney Dekker, 3:49 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVt9nIf9VJw Klein Damasio Adapt: Why success always starts with failure http://www.thersa.org/events/video/vision-videos/tim-harford

19. Human ResilienceSpeed of Recovery Jim Loehr and Jack Groppel, HPI, 2:34 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eMYS_yl2wE&feature=fvsr

21. Comprehensive Soldier Fitness

22. http://www.army.mil/csf/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQJvHOeAaU4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=hJETXdnZ7TQ

25. Biathlon: How They Train http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XIB7ydkplc Look for: Importance of Confidence Relaxation, Focus, Breathing Goals: result vs. process Coaching Immediate feedback Different perspectives Mental component Cues Mind wandering Smiling Diet Balance stress/recovery Safe environment for noncatastrophic failure

26. Sustained High Performance in Storms Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi; Seligman

27. Development • D=(s~o) (Kegan) • Development is a function of the relationship between subject and object (self, other) • Differentiation • Maintaining your sense of self in the presence of people who are important to you

28. Differentiation – “Holding onto Your Self” • When we have little differentiation, our identity is constructed out of what’s called a reflected sense of self. We need continual contact, validation, and consensus (or disagreement) from others.

29. Development • Socialized mind • Self-authoring mind • Self-transforming mind • Novice • Advanced Beginner • Competent • Proficient • Expert Kegan & Lahey Drefus & Dreyfus

30. Eight Major Components of Enjoyment • A challenging activity that requires skills • The merging of action and awareness • Clear goals • Provides immediate feedback • Concentration on the task at hand • The paradox of control • The loss of self-consciousness • The transformation of time Czikszentmihalyi

31. Optimal Experience • A sense that one’s skills are adequate to cope with the challenges at hand, in a goal-directed, rule-bound action system that provides clear clues as to how well one is performing. Concentration is so intense that there is no attention left over to think about anything irrelevant, or to worry about problems. Self-consciousness disappears, and the sense of time becomes distorted. An activity that produces such experiences is so gratifying that people are willing to do it for its own sake, with little concern for what they will get out of it, even when it is difficult, or dangerous. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qI755iUMtHI&feature=related 2:31 Czikszentmihalyi

32. Flow High Arousal Anxiety Flow Challenges Worry Control Relaxation Apathy Boredom Low Skills Low High Czikszentmihalyi

33. PERMA - Flourishing Well being as a national goal, measuring it, 3:38 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKqVy1OUI8E&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=As-g_dwgJig 6:22 http://www.thersa.org/events/video/vision-videos/martin-seligman 24:49 Seligman Positive emotion Engagement Relationships Meaning Accomplishment

34. Sustained High Performance in Storms Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Socialized mind Self-authoring mind Self-transforming mind Novice, Adv. Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert Flow: Challenging task, concentration, Clear goals, immediate feedback Deep, effortless involvement, sense of control Concern for self disappears, sense of time Altered, Signature strengths Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi; Seligman

35. Sustained High Performance in Storms Spiritual Capacity Source of motivation, determination, and endurance Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi; Seligman

36. Sustained High Performance in Storms Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Mental Capacity Focuses attention (physical and emotional energy) on the task at hand Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi; Seligman

37. Sustained High Performance in Storms Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Emotional Capacity Creates the internal climate that drives Ideal Performance State; Self & Social Awareness, Self & Relationship Mgt Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi; Seligman

38. Emotions • Primary (or basic) • Happiness, Surprise, Fear, Sadness, Disgust, Anger • Social • Sympathy, Embarrassment, Jealousy, Guilt , Shame, Pride, Envy

39. Emotional Intelligence/Competencies

40. Emotions & Feelings Antonio Damasio Emotion and feeling, albeit part of a tightly bound cycle, are distinguishable processes. “Emotions are complex, largely automated programs of actions concocted by evolution. The actions are complemented by a cognitive program that includes certain ideas and modes of cognition, but the world of emotions is largely one of actions carried out in our bodies, from facial expressions and postures to changes in viscera and internal milieu.”

41. Emotions & Feelings Antonio Damasio “Feelings of emotion, on the other hand, are composite perceptions of what happens in our body and mind when we are emoting. As far as the body is concerned, feelings are images of actions rather than actions themselves; the world of feelings is one of perceptions executed in brain maps.”

42. Emotions & Feelings Antonio Damasio Damasio video clip, 3:23 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wup_K2WN0I Emotions play out in the theater of the body. Feelings play out in the theater of the mind. Emotions provide a natural means for the brain and mind to evaluate the environment within and around the organism and respond accordingly and adaptively. An understanding of the neurobiology of emotion and feelings is a key to the formulation of principles and policies capable of reducing human distress and enhancing human flourishing.

45. Insular Cortex The insular cortex is situated in the lateral sulcus that separates the parietal and temporal lobes.   It is considered to be part of the limbic system and thus is involved in emotion.  More specifically, the insular cortex is involved in representing the body and subjective emotional experience.  According to Antonio Damasio, the insular cortex helps in the mapping of visceral states that are associated with conscious feelings and with consciousness more generally.   For Damasio, emotions are central to homeostasis and the regulation of life processes.  Since homeostasis is about protecting the organism from harmful environmental changes, we can think of the insular cortex as helping to “insulate” the organism from dangerous conditions.

46. Enhanced performance under stress Enhanced SA & decision making Stressful experience + Effective Recovery = Enhanced Resilience

47. Sustained High Performance in Storms Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Physical Capacity Builds endurance, strength and flexibility; Promotes mental and emotional recovery Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi; Seligman

48. Sustained High Performance in Storms Change Process: Ultimate Mission Training Mission Old Story New Story Supporting Rituals Accountability / Support System Purpose Truth Hope-filled Action Spiritual Capacity Source of motivation, determination, and endurance Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Deliberate Practice (10K) Feedback Mental Capacity Focuses attention (physical and emotional energy) on the task at hand Mindfulness Mindfulness Support Network Emotional Capacity Creates the internal climate that drives Ideal Performance State; Self & Social Awareness, Self & Relationship Mgt Physical Capacity Builds endurance, strength and flexibility; Promotes mental and emotional recovery Learning / Development Engagement / Enjoyment Socialized mind Self-authoring mind Self-transforming mind Novice, Adv. Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert Flow: Challenging task, concentration, Clear goals, immediate feedback Deep, effortless involvement, sense of control Concern for self disappears, sense of time Altered, Signature strengths Gallwey; Loehr and Schwartz; Kegan & Lahey; Dreyfus & Dreyfus; Ericsson; Csikszentmihalyi, Seligman

49. P H S An In Re2, Ri C/C – ASu,Pe,Re,Se L-D E

50. Compliance Commitment