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Momentum

MOMEMTUM. MOMENTUM. Momentum. Momentum is a property of moving matter. Momentum describes the tendency of objects to keep going in the same direction with the same speed. Changes in momentum result from forces or create forces. MOMEMTUM. MOMENTUM. Momentum.

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Momentum

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  1. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum • Momentum is a property of moving matter. • Momentum describes the tendency of objects to keep going in the same direction with the same speed. • Changes in momentum result from forces or create forces.

  2. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum • The momentum of a ball depends on its mass and velocity. • Ball B has more momentum than ball A.

  3. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum vs. Inertia • Inertia is another property of mass that resists changes in velocity; however, inertia depends only on mass. • Inertia is a scalar quantity. ( 10 kg) • Momentum is a property of moving mass that resists changes in a moving object’s velocity. • Momentum is a vector quantity. (10 kg x m/s east)

  4. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Kinetic Energy and Momentum • Kinetic energy and momentum are different quantities, even though both depend on mass and speed. • Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. • Momentum is a vector, so it always depends on direction. Two balls with the same mass and speed have the same kinetic energy but opposite momentum.

  5. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Momentum • Ball A is 1 kg moving 1m/sec, ball B is 1kg at 3 m/sec. • A 1 N force is applied to deflect the motion of each ball. • What happens? • Does the force deflect both balls equally? • Ball B deflects much less than ball A when the same force is applied because ball B had a greater initial momentum.

  6. MOMEMTUM p = m v Calculating Momentum • The momentum of a moving object is its mass multiplied by its velocity. • That means momentum increases with both mass and velocity. Momentum (kg m/sec) Velocity (m/sec) Mass (kg)

  7. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Comparing momentum A car is traveling at a velocity of 13.5 m/sec (30 mph) north on a straight road. The mass of the car is 1,300 kg. A motorcycle passes the car at a speed of 30 m/sec (67 mph). The motorcycle (with rider) has a mass of 350 kg. Calculate and compare the momentum of the car and motorcycle. • You are asked for momentum. • You are given masses and velocities. • Use: p = m v • Solve for car: p = (1,300 kg) (13.5 m/s) = 17,550 kg m/s • Solve for cycle: p = (350 kg) (30 m/s) = 10,500 kg m/s • The car has more momentum even though it is going much slower.

  8. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Conservation of Momentum • The law of conservation of momentum states when a system of interacting objects is not influenced by outside forces (like friction), the total momentum of the system cannot change. If you throw a rock forward from a skateboard, you will move backward in response.

  9. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Conservation of Momentum

  10. MOMEMTUM MOMENTUM Collisions in One Dimension • A collisionoccurs when two or more objects hit each other. • During a collision, momentum is transferred from one object to another. • Collisions can be elastic orinelastic.

  11. MOMENTUM Calculating Conserved Momentum • Remember p=mv • So if it is conserved, then… m1v1=m2v2 • Before and after all collisions • Let’s try….

  12. MOMENTUM

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