Chocolate makers

1. Chocolate makers Your mission is to persuade people that it is important to keep on eating chocolate. If we all stopped, lots of people (in Britain and abroad) would lose their jobs! Also, chocolate is good to eat. • To accomplish your mission you need to answer these questions: • What sort of jobs depend on chocolate making? • What it is like to work in a Cadbury’s factory? • What would happen to chocolate workers in Birmingham if people stopped eating chocolate? • What are the benefits of eating chocolate? • Then you need to do this: • Use the evidence you have found in answering those questions to put together a convincing argument to persuade the British people to keep on eating chocolate! Where can you find information?: Your group has access to an information pack and a computer so that you can do extended research. You will also have access to atlases. Lower School Information Pack

2. 1 - What sort of jobs depend on chocolate making? You could: Imagine how the lives of all these people would be changed if we stopped buying chocolate. You need to explain this clearly to the rest of your class. (There is even more information on the next few slides that could help you, too.) Farmers The jobs of many farmers in very poor parts of the world depend on growing and selling cocoa and sugar, the raw ingredients for chocolate. You could: Make a poster or list or map that shows which countries have farmers whose money to live comes from growing and selling the raw materials for chocolate. Chocolate makers provide many jobs for people in these countries. They need to keep on selling chocolate so they do not lose their jobs. You could: Find out which countries make and sell chocolate and how many people they employ. Others There are many other, different jobs that depend on the world chocolate trade. As well as growers and makers, there are people who buy and transport the raw materials and others who buy, transport and sell the finished chocolate. All these people who have jobs will pay tax. Taxes help to pay for schools, medical care, road repairs, looking after the old and sick and people without jobs and lots of other things. Chocolate makers Lower School Information Pack

3. 1) What sort of jobs depend on chocolate making? The main raw materials for chocolate are cocoa and sugar. Cocoa comes from the cacao tree and sugar is made from the sugar beet and sugar cane plants. The map below shows the countries where cacao trees can grow. Lower School Information Pack The jobs of many farmers in very poor parts of the world depend on selling cocoa and sugar! You could: Make a poster or list or map that shows how many countries have farmers whose money to live comes from growing and selling the raw materials for chocolate. Chocolate makers

4. What sort of jobs depend on chocolate making? You could: use some of the information below to help you explain to the others how much money would be lost if we stopped eating chocolate. • The chocolate market is …VERY BIG! • In the World: • Six companies sell almost all of the world’s chocolate. • The world chocolate market is worth about £43 billion. • One billion is £1 000 000 000 • The world cocoa market (the main raw material) is worth £5 billion. • In USA: • The United States spends about $13 billion ($13 000 000 000) a year on cocoa related products. (That’s about £8.25 billion in British money.) • In UK: • In the UK three companies share 70% of the market: Cadbury’s, Mars and Nestle. Other big companies are Thornton’s and Ferrero. • The average person in the UK now eats nearly 10kg each year which is one of the highest amounts eaten per person in the world. You could: • make a bar chart showing how many factories there are in each part of the world. This will help you to explain to the others just how important chocolate making is. • Take a map of the world and colour in the main markets shown on the table above in purple. Lower school information pack

5. 2. What was is like to work in a Cadbury’s factory? The History When a factory in Bridge Street became too small the Cadbury family bought a site a few miles out of Birmingham in 1878, which they called 'Bournville'. They provided football fields, a playground and a garden with a lily pond for their workers. Inside, there were warm cloakrooms for drying off wet clothes and a warming cupboard for the workers to heat their own food. Working out of the centre of Birmingham made getting to work more difficult – as people didn’t have cars in those days. So Cadbury bought land near the factory and built a village for the workforce. Every house had a spacious garden, big enough to grow vegetables. Cadbury’s arranged for fruit trees to be planted and the garden dug over before each new owner moved in. They planted trees along the wide roads. Later, Cadbury built schools and a shopping area. It was a really lovely place to live. Because the Cadbury family were Quakers, they did not build a pub. To this day, there is no pub in Bournville. During World War I (1914 – 18), more than 2,000 of Cadbury’s employees joined the Armed Forces or, if they were pacifists, the ‘Friends Ambulance Unit’. Those in the ambulance unit refused to carry weapons and kill others but they carried stretchers in the most dangerous areas of the War. Cadbury supported the war effort by sending warm clothing, books and chocolate to the soldiers. When the workers returned, they were able to return to work and take educational courses. Injured or ill employees were looked after in care homes. Cadburys were particularly concerned with the health and fitness of their workforce, so they included parks and recreation areas in the Bournville village plans. They encouraged swimming, walking and indeed all forms of outdoor sports. In the early 1920s, extensive open lands were purchased and laid as football and hockey pitches together with a grassed running track. There were also sports playing fields, several bowling greens, a fishing lake and an outdoor swimming pool. Workers were treated with great respect and given relatively high wages and good working conditions. Cadbury also introduced pension schemes and a full staff medical service. Which of these two pictures do you think shows Cadbury? You could: Produce a poster explaining how Cadbury looks after its workers and why it is a good place to work. Chocolate makers Lower school information pack

6. 2. What is it like to work in a Cadbury’s factory? In the last 30 years Cadbury has opened factories all over the world. Cadbury's chocolate is sold all over North America and in Europe. Recent developments include new factories in China and Poland. Many countries also receive their Cadbury's chocolates straight from Bournville, making it a worldwide success story. There is great local and national affection for Cadbury and its products. The residents of Bournville feel as though the company belongs to them! A Cadbury worker showing how she feels! Employment Opportunities at Cadbury World: Cadbury World is a very popular attraction with over half a million people visiting each year. So it needs a large number of staff to work in the exhibitions, demonstrations and other departments in the museum. There are jobs for both full-time and part-time staff. They also need seasonal staff to work during the busiest periods between February and November. Cadbury World also offer work placements for pupils to spend time in there and to get an idea of the world of work. Pupils can find out about various job roles and responsibilities and actually work in lots of different departments. Recruiting good quality staff is very important to Cadbury World. Jobs at Cadbury’s Reception “My job involves greeting the visitors when they arrive. I welcome them and look up their bookings on the computer. I also issue them with their tickets for the tour. For this job I need good IT skills and I also need to be accurate to process the issue of tickets and cash handling promptly. I must have excellent customer service skills because I have to deal with the visitors and answer their questions. Most visitors want to know what is going to happen next or directions to the tour. I need to be friendly, polite and helpful in this job.” Chocolate demonstrators “Part of our job involves demonstrating the process of chocolate tempering. We also have to hand out samples of liquid chocolate for people to taste. This is similar to what is used to make all Cadbury brands. I also use this to fill moulds to make both hollow and chocolate filled models. For this job I need to be skilled at chocolate tempering. This took a bit of practice but I received lots of training so I can do it really well now.” Shop Assistants “We work in the Cadbury Shop and our job involves serving the customers and making sure that the shelves are stocked with Cadbury chocolate. We have to be trained how to operate the till and how to cash up at the end of the day. The supervisor is responsible for making sure that the money that we take is banked at the end of each day.” You could: Imagine you have worked at Cadbury for a long time – write a short newspaper article explaining what it is like to work there Lower school information pack Chocolate makers

7. 3. What would happen to chocolate workers in Birmingham if people stopped eating chocolate? • If people stop eating chocolate, the Bournville factory would close, together with at least 2,500 jobs at the factory. Closure of the factory would be a huge blow to the local economy. A large number of the residents would have less money to spend and shops would suffer from a loss of business. Many hundreds of other people would also lose their jobs. • The impact of stopping eating chocolate would be felt far beyond Bournville and Birmingham. Factories making sugary sweets might stay open but the other UK factories in Leominster and Chirk, plus numerous other sites around the world would have to close. Cadbury’s efforts to help people and protect the planet would have to be significantly reduced. • Dozens of well-known manufacturers, including Rover, HP Sauce and Dunlop, have closed or pulled out of Birmingham over the last few years – it’s your mission to make sure that it doesn’t happen to Cadbury! • It is not only the financial cost of unemployment that is a problem. Many people find it difficult to adjust emotionally to being told that they no longer have a job. In this situation loss of self esteem can lead to depression and other mental health problems. Many of those who could lose their jobs would have to re-train so that they master new skills that other employers may be able to use. • Read what one person says about being unemployed on the next page. Chocolate makers Lower school information pack

8. 3. What would happen to chocolate workers in Birmingham if people stopped eating chocolate? ‘I first got laid off in December 2007, and in January I went back to work for a previous employer but was laid off again in July. I've looked long and hard for work in my area of expertise, and there is just nothing there. I've started looking at a change of direction to something completely different. I've applied for a job with Sainsbury's as an assistant warehouse manager because I simply need to get something, but it's paying around £20,000 a year less than I was earning before. With two young children and a big mortgage the sums just don’t add up. I'm trying to keep an open mind and I keep telling myself things are going to get better, but I do still get depressed. I am supposed to be getting married on New Year's Eve, but there is every chance we will need to delay our plans’. What will I do now? Birmingham has a very famous chocolate factory: Cadbury’s Bournville. If we stopped eating chocolate, this factory would close. The clipart show an unemployed man standing outside the factory that he used to work in. He is hoping that people will give him money (hence the cap) so that he can pay his bills. You need to persuade people to keep eating chocolate so that Cadbury’s (and other chocolate factories) do not close. You could: Make your own clipart pictures that show what it would be like for workers at a chocolate factory if the factory closed Lower school information pack Chocolate makers

9. 4. What are the benefits of eating chocolate? Chocolate contains antioxidants which seem to help prevent heart disease and cancer. The idea of eating chocolate sounds like a tempting and delicious way to improve your health. Some health experts will say that chocolate is bad for you. You need to explain to your audience that it is NOT bad for you. Obesity – people think that chocolate makes you fat. But you will only get fat if you eat a lot of it and do not take enough exercise. Tooth decay - is linked to eating a lot of sugar. Some chocolates, especially the darker ones with more cocoa powder, have very little sugar in them. We can protect our teeth by regular, thorough brushing. We can also strengthen them with fluoride toothpaste and by eating enough calcium in our diet. Experts found eating 7.5 grams of dark chocolate could reduce your risk of a heart attack or stroke by 39% and could also lead to lower blood pressure. Dark chocolate has had a lot of publicity about being good for you. That's due to the flavonols that are in the cocoa. There's some evidence that this chemical has heart-protecting effects. June Davidson, from the British Heart Foundation "This was a really interesting study and it found that small amounts of chocolate actually reduced your blood pressure and your risk of heart disease.” "The more natural it is, the better it is for you. So the darker the chocolate, the better it is for you.“ Chocolate is delicious. Also, chocolate contains a chemical that is used by the brain to produce serotonin. Serotonin can create the feeling of joy. So chocolate makes you happy! Chocolate makers Lower School Information Pack

10. 4. What are the benefits of eating chocolate? Eating chocolate allows people around the world to work for a living. Cadbury have been making Fairtrade chocolate for a number of years now. Fairtrade means the workers in countries across the world are paid a fair amount for the work they contribute. Fairtrade Cadbury Dairy Milk has been available in the UK and Ireland since July 2009. Fairtrade Cadbury Dairy Milk is also now available in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. This has quadrupled (multiplied by 4) the amount of Fairtrade cocoa coming out of Ghana, compared with 2008 and will benefit more than 40,000 farmers. Cadbury will use some of the Fairtrade money to help farmers in Ghana. The first £500,000 will help build wells and mobile health clinics. Chocolate makers who want to do the right thing now aim to improve: economic benefits - better profit for growers and chocolate manufacturers. More money for countries where cocoa is grown environmental benefits – good for wildlife because cocoa growing does not involve taking over the land social benefits – people involved in the chocolate industry (farmers, makers, sellers, etc.) earn a better standard of living for their families and in the community You could: • List the health benefits of eating chocolate and show the benefits in a poster/leaflet • Highlight how chocolate is good for countries around the world Chocolate makers Lower school information pack