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CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora. Concluded 1973 in Washington DC Entered into force 1975 183 Parties EU: 28 parties (15%) [27 after Brexit ??]. Objective

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CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora

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  1. CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora • Concluded 1973 in Washington DC • Entered into force 1975 • 183 Parties • EU: 28 parties (15%) [27 after Brexit??]

  2. Objective Ensuring international cooperation of Parties to prevent international trade in wild animals and plants from threatening their survival

  3. 30,000 plants and 5,800 animals listed in 3 Appendices • Operates through mandatory licensing • Permits issued for trade • Conditions • Non-detriment finding • Legal acquisition finding • Welfare conditions

  4. Appendix I 1003 species Appendix II 34,596 species Appendix III 202 species “Black” list Prohibited species “Grey” list controlled species “Unilateral” list least controlled

  5. Appendix I • All species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade • Only exceptional trade allowed • No commercial trade • Strictest conditions for permits

  6. AppendixII • All species not necessarily threatened with extinction but may become so if trade is not subject to strict regulation • Commercial trade allowed • Permit conditions less strict

  7. Appendix III • Species listed unilaterally by countries who want international assistance to control trade • Permit conditions weakest

  8. Gorilla gorilla Appendix I

  9. Diceros bicornis- black rhinoAppendix I

  10. Brookesia perarmata spiny dwarf chameleonAppendix I

  11. Cheloniamydasgreen turtleAppendix I

  12. Hippopotamus amphibius Appendix II

  13. Rhincodon typuswhale shark Appendix II

  14. Carcharodon carchariasAppendix II

  15. Brookesia minimaAppendix II

  16. Prunus africanaAppendix II

  17. Legal framework – two levels • The Convention • Basic framework & rules to implement CITES • Binding on Parties • Includes Appendices • Resolutions & Decisions • Recommendations to guide implementation, ensure enforcement & compliance • Allow evolution of CITES rules

  18. Recommendations • Resolutions • Long-term • Guide implementation over several years • In effect until repealed by CoP • Decisions • Short-term • Instructions to Parties, Committees, Secretariat • In effect until next CoP (sometimes longer)

  19. Party obligations - binding • Designate national Management & Scientific Authorities • Implement mandatory licensing • Prohibit & penalise trade violating CITES • Confiscate specimens illegally traded or possessed • Submit annual and biennial reports

  20. Institutions

  21. Institutions • Conference of the Parties – supreme governing body • Standing Committee – executive body • Technical committees – advisory bodies • Animals Committee (biologists) • Plants Committee (botanists) • Secretariat – administrative body (UNEP)

  22. Conference of the Parties (CoP) • All Parties • Meets every 3 years • Decides Appendix I & II listings • Listing proposals • Agrees Resolutions & Decisions • Working documents

  23. Standing Committee • 16 regional representatives from Management Authorities • Meets 2x between CoP meetings (& before and after CoP) • Makes decisions between CoPs

  24. Animals & Plants Committees • 11 members • Experts from Scientific Authorities • Meet 2x between CoPs • Advise on scientific & technical issues

  25. Plenary Committee I Committee II CoP18 – organization

  26. CoP18 Committees • Committee I • Species & conservation issues • Amendments to Appendix I & II • Committee II • Strategic & administrative issues • Interpretation & implementation of the Convention • Compliance & enforcement

  27. CoP18 – order of business • “Round 1” • Plenary opens meeting & adopts agenda • Committees I & II meet in parallel • Debate agenda items • Establish working groups • Produce Com docs (final drafts) • “Round 2” • Plenary decides on Com docs – no debate • Can re-open debate in plenary with 1/3 support

  28. Participants • Parties delegations • Observers • Non-Parties • Inter-governmental organizations • Representatives of other treaties • Approved NGOs • Secretariat & UNEP

  29. Voting • One Party, one vote • Only Parties with credentialscan vote • Usually by show of hands • Any Party can call roll call vote • Any Party can request secret ballot • Seconded by 10 Parties • Shall not normally be used (transparency)

  30. Voting • Amendments of App I & II Resolutions & Decisions • 2/3 majority of Parties present and voting • Yes & No votes; abstentions don’t count • Procedural issues – conduct of meeting • Simple majority

  31. Loxodonta africana African elephantAppendix I & II (split listing)

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