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Fisheries Management In the Caribbean

Fisheries management in Caribbean countries: information needs of the policy –making process in relation to GEC & the Caribbean Food System. Fisheries Management In the Caribbean. Fish is second highest source of protein Employs around 130,000 Fisheries production – 123,366 MT

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Fisheries Management In the Caribbean

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  1. Fisheries management in Caribbean countries:information needs of the policy –making process in relation to GEC & the Caribbean Food System

  2. Fisheries Management In the Caribbean • Fish is second highest source of protein • Employs around 130,000 • Fisheries production – 123,366 MT • Significant revenue earner in some countries, e.g. Belize • Key sector for providing opportunities for • rural poor, socio-economically disadvantaged

  3. Fisheries Management In the Caribbean • Artisanal & small-scale components are significant • Subsistence fishing also very important • Fishing communities usually based in low-lying • coastal areas • Landing sites : usually sandy beaches with • little added physical infrastructure • Boats hauled onto beaches, or moored in sheltered areas

  4. Management Objectives • Biological objectives - conservation of the resource - protection of the ecosystem - protection of biodiversity • Economic objectives - Optimise stakeholder profits, - generate employment opportunities - generate revenue through trade and tourism • Social objectives - food security - poverty alleviation - equitable distribution of economic benefits

  5. Achieving Management Objectives • Resource assessment models - Surplus production models that estimate Maximum Sustainable Yield – MSY, MEY - Age-based and size-based models that estimate growth and recruitment over fishing reference points - Bioeconomic models - Ecosystem-based approaches - Models incorporating environmental effects • Monitoring of catch rates as abundance index

  6. MSY  MEY  MSocY  Ecologically adapted management MEY MSY

  7. ECOLOGICALLY ADAPTED MANAGEMENT (Wilson and Kleban, 1992) - Nature is non-random but unpredictable - fish populations will vary unpredictably within certain limits - need to understand longer-term ecological relationships - more flexible management systems

  8. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES THAT MAY AFFECT CARIBBEAN FISHERIES • - Increase in sea surface temperature • - sea level rise • increased frequency of ENSO events • increased frequency of storms & hurricanes • - changes in rainfall • changes in sea current systems

  9. INCREASE IN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE • Coral bleaching - loss of biodiversity - decreased ecosystem health and resilience - long-term threat to food security - decreased yield of some traditional reef species - short to medium-term threat to food security - investment losses

  10. INCREASE IN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (cont’d) • Increased frequency of storms & hurricanes - irreversible coastal habitat destruction (reefs, mangroves) - beach erosion (damage to landing sites) - vessel & gear damage - increased fishing pressure as a result of employment shifts - access and availability of reef fish species, lobster and conch - changes in resource recruitment (damage to nursery areas & changed coastal circulation patterns) - decreased fishing days - increase in ciguatera poisoning Changes in resource biology - increased growth & mortality - changes in resource distribution

  11. SEA LEVEL RISE • Coastal habitat loss - mangroves - loss of many landing sites - submergence of low lying islands often used as fishing bases - saltwater intrusion of coastal and estuarine wetlands • Changes in resource abundance - decreased stock recruitment to reef & lobster fisheries - decreased fisheries yields - decreased production of coastal & estuarine wetlands

  12. INCREASED FREQUENCY OF ENSOs • Shifts in resource distribution - decreased local availability of resource • Changes in resource abundance - decreased stock recruitment to some fisheries • Investment losses

  13. CHANGES IN RAINFALL • Drought - decreased production of freshwater and mangrove systems CHANGES IN SEA CURRENT CIRCULATION PATTERNS • Key migrations of oceanic pelagic species • Changes in movement of nutrient-enriched water created by upwelling effects and river discharges off Guianas-Brazil shelf

  14. FULFILLING INFORMATION NEEDS OF POLICY MAKERS • Enhancement of current baseline and monitoring data information systems - resource data - fishery activity data • - habitat inventory data, e.g. coral reef, mangroves • - environmental data (SST, ocean currents, wind speed)

  15. INFORMATION NEEDS (cont’d) • Research and Development of Management Advice - biological and ecological studies (resource biology and resource/environment relationships, identify ecosystem indicators related to GEC) - socio-economic studies (vulnerability assessments, evaluation of adaptation responses, community involvement & integrated approach) • - technological studies (alternative fishing practices • - further development of ecosystem-based fishery models • - risk assessment and development of precautionary & • participatory approaches to management

  16. INFORMATION NEEDS (cont’d) • Capacity, Legislation and Infrastructure - evaluate capacity building needs (supporting institutions, HRD & community education and participation in management) - evaluate new or additional infra structural needs • - review need for updating /introducing legislation to support • proposed changed policies, e.g. habitat protection

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