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Introduction

Delve into the evolution of computers, digital systems, and the Information Revolution. Explore the vast advancements in hardware, software, and communication bandwidth shaping our digital world. Learn about the transition from analog to digital systems, the significance of digital formats, and the advantages and disadvantages of the Digital Revolution.

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Introduction

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction } • In the midst of the “Information Revolution” • Storage • Retrieval Computers • Processing • Transmission and Dissemination • Communication Fiber Satellite   

  2. Introduction • Have been & will be more profound revolutions • Agricultural — millenia • Industrial — a few centuries • Information — ~ 50 years old • What is the next Revolution? • What is the “Computer”

  3. Computer • Problem-solving device • Manipulates information according to a set of prescribed instructions (a program) • Early computers - mechanical • Abacus • Blaise Pascal’s calculator • Charles Babbage’s devices

  4. Computer • Electro-mechanical • Hollerith’s census machine • Konrad Zuse’s Z1…Z4 relay calculators • Electronic - lamps • ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer), first electronic • Special-purpose, non-programmable • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), first programmable • 18000 vacuum tubes, difficult programming via plug-board

  5. Computer • 3 developments accelerated computer explosion • Transistor • Magnetic core memory • The stored program concept (Von Neumann) • Generations • 1940-1950 Generation I • 1950-1960 Generation II • 1960-1970 Generation III • 1970 onward Generation IV (VLSI)

  6. Computer • Personal Computer (PC) • Generation V? • Whole point of “generation” now moot • Tremendous advances • Hardware • Software • Communication bandwidth • Mass storage • All are fundamental changes

  7. Computer

  8. Digital System • Stores and processes information in digital format • Example: Analog vs digital audio tape • Nyquist sampling criteria

  9. Digital System } • Other examples of digital systems • Watches • Traffic light controllers fixed function • Pocket calculators • Computers: flexible/programmable • Trend: replace fixed function circuits with processors and program them

  10. Digital System • Digital versus Analog • Akin to Wave-particle duality • Nature (God) • Discrete or continuous? • Man or woman? • Digital Revolution….. Advantages Disadvantages Reproducibility, flexibility, speed, noise immunity….

  11. Abstraction hierarchies

  12. Electronic technologies I2L BiCMOS

  13. Technology families

  14. Computer organization

  15. Computer programming • Information representation • Binary • Numeric and non-numeric (alphabets) • ASCII: 7 bits plus one parity bit: 128 symbols

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