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Explore the history of telecommunications from the 19th century telegraph to the modern client-server systems. Learn about the electronics revolution, digital sound, mainframe computers, ISDN, LANs, WANs, and the internet. Discover the benefits of client-server systems and the transition from terminal emulation to virtual mainframes.

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  1. The 19th century telecommunications Telegraph - Telephone Digital vs. analog communications The voice networks & the data networks The electronics revolution (1960-1980) Digital sound Mainframe computers with remote access The first unification : ISDN Local area networks Wide area and local area networks integration The Internet The research project The universal computer communications medium The successful unification ? Contents

  2. Integrated circuits (“chips”) make electronics affordable. Mainframe computers become very powerful Mini & microcomputers become very popular Digital techniques offer better price/performance for sound applications The Electronics Revolution(1970-1980)

  3. Music Records -096 +057 +164 +210 +219 +216 +165 -003 -117 -183 -138 -067 Digital (CD) (44100 measurements/s) Analog

  4. Records with a scratch -096 +057 +164 +210 XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX -117 -183 -138 -067 +210 +145 +079 +014 -052 -117 Analog Digital (CD)

  5. Mainframe Computer Remote Computers Access(1970) Star Network Dumb Terminals

  6. Integrated Services Digital Network Voice digitized at 64 Kb/s (8000 samples/s, 8 bit) Truly digital signaling A telephone connection = a 64 Kb/s digital link A 64 Kb/s digital link is excellent for connecting a terminal to a mainframe computer Connection time billing inadequate for data ISDN widely used for telephony ISDN marginal for data applications I S D NThe first attempt to integrate voice and data

  7. Local Area Networks(1970) • LAN’s initially introduced for • Printer sharing • File sharing • ...

  8. LAN WAN LAN The Dual Screen Desk(1980)

  9. WAN LAN LAN LAN LAN-WAN Integration(1990)

  10. Client - Server Systems Interconnection Network (LANs+WAN)

  11. Sharing of storage Access to common data Professional back-up facilities Centralized software (& data) maintenance Sharing of processing power Unloading of central servers Supporting local clients for exceptional needs Sharing of expensive peripherals Client - Server SystemsBenefits

  12. The personal workstations are used as stand alone computers as terminals connected to other computers The user has to mentally switch between widely different user interfaces and operating systems. Transferring data between local and remote applications is far from trivial Terminal emulation is very user unfriendly !!! Terminal Emulation= sub-minimal Client-server system

  13. The users interface of all applications runs on the personal workstations. For some applications, the workstation requests help from specialized servers. The user remains unaware of such requests. Servers can be optimized for specific tasks Virtual Mainframes can be Very user friendly cost effective Virtual Mainframe= true Client-Server system

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