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Chapter 13 Exploring the Oceans

Chapter 13 Exploring the Oceans. Section 1 pp. 374-380. Standard S6CS5a: The relationship between the ocean and other Earth systems Standard S6E3c: Composition of earth’s oceans Standard S6E4a: Heat absorption by land and water Standard E6E5e: Process of the ocean.

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Chapter 13 Exploring the Oceans

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  1. Chapter 13 Exploring the Oceans

  2. Section 1 pp. 374-380 Standard S6CS5a: The relationship between the ocean and other Earth systems Standard S6E3c: Composition of earth’s oceans Standard S6E4a: Heat absorption by land and water Standard E6E5e: Process of the ocean

  3. EQ: What are the characteristics of ocean water? • Salty • Sodium chloride (NaCl) • Most common dissolved substance in ocean • Result of rivers flowing into oceans • Rivers bring dissolved minerals • Water evaporates & leaves salt behind

  4. Salinity • Amount of dissolved salt in a given amount of water • Grams of salt per kilogram of water • Usually 35 g of salt per 1000ml of water • Hot, dry climate increases salinity • Cool, humid climate decreases salinity • Mouth of river decreases salinity • Less water movement increases salinity

  5. Temperature Zones • Ocean as a Thermostat • Surface zone—warmest • Thermocline --temp decreases with depth • Deep zone—coldest • Keeps earth suitable for life • Regulates temp by absorbing energy from the sun • Slowly absorbs & releases thermal energy (heat) • Ocean currents move water & thermal energy

  6. Summary • Explain why hot, dry climates have high salinity while cooler, humid climates have low salinity. • Explain how the mouth of a river opening into the ocean effects salinity and why. • Explain the relationship between movement and salinity of ocean water.

  7. Section 2 pp. 382-387 Standard S6E3c: Topography of Earth’s oceans

  8. EQ: What are the features of the ocean floor? • 2 Regions of Ocean Floor • Continental Margin made of continental crust • Deep Ocean Basin made of oceanic crust

  9. What oceanic features are in the continental margin? • Continental Shelf • Continental Slope • Continental Rise • If the shoreline • Gently slopes down • Steep drop to bottom of ocean floor • Bottom of the continental slope where sediment piles up

  10. What oceanic features are in the Deep Ocean Basin? • Abyssal Plain • Mid-Ocean Ridge • Flat part of ocean floor • Mtn chains formed where tectonic plates pull apart • Rift Zones where magma rises, cools • Sea Floor Spreading • Longest mtn range on Earth 40,000 miles or 64,000 km long

  11. Rift Valley • Ocean Trench • Seamonts • Valley between mtns of Mid-Ocean Ridge • Deep, huge cracks • Where subduction occurs • Individual volcanic mtns on ocean floor • May become an island

  12. EQ: How deep is the ocean? • SONAR • Sound Navigation and Ranging • Sound waves are sent from a ship to the ocean floor. • How long it takes for the sound to return to the ship tells how far down the floor is.

  13. Satellites • Underwater Vessels • Geostat • Looks for small changes in the height of the floor • Measures the water above the geographic features • Alvin locates organisms near vents • Piloted vessel • Jason II & Medea are robots that explore the ocean floor

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