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Long Distance Local Number Portability Cellular Roaming Applications What makes them work?

Long Distance Local Number Portability Cellular Roaming Applications What makes them work?. Signal System 7 (SS7). Objectives. Define the role signaling plays in a network Compare the different types of applications which use SS7

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Long Distance Local Number Portability Cellular Roaming Applications What makes them work?

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  1. Long Distance Local Number Portability Cellular Roaming Applications What makes them work? Presenter: Bob Wright

  2. Signal System 7 (SS7) Presenter: Bob Wright

  3. Objectives • Define the role signaling plays in a network • Compare the different types of applications which use SS7 • Describe at least one type of call flow through the network using SS7, typical of long distance calling • Describe how SS7 enables Local Number Portability (LNP) and cellular roaming • Describe how SS7 supports machine to machine interaction without roaming contracts Presenter: Bob Wright

  4. Signaling System 7 • Making a call over the Public Switched Telephone Network • Off hook • Dial some digits • Talk to someone anywhere in the world • Network figures out where to route the call • Set up call instantly • Tear down the call as quickly • Behind the scene is the backbone of signaling systems • Subsecond call setup and teardown is the goal • Evolution of signaling systems • Legacy systems • Common Channel Interoffice Signaling System Number 7 • Save time and money on the network • Introduce new features and functions in an intelligent network Presenter: Bob Wright

  5. 972-516-1234 973-XXX-5678 Signaling System 7 • Pre-SS7 • Per-trunk signaling (PTS) • Tones or multiple frequencies (MF) • Trunk provides monitoring and supervision • Signaling within the talk path CO A Class 5 Office CO B Class 4 Office CO C Class 4 Office CO D Class 5 Office MF Trunk #55 MF Trunk #1221 MF Trunk #92 40% Presenter: Bob Wright

  6. Signaling System 7: Purposes • Some Purposes of SS7 Network • Look ahead to determine status of called number, reserving not occupying the talk path • 1 second call set up and tear down • Integration of supervision, monitoring, billing systems • Enable introduction of additional features and capabilities • Access remote data bases, look up and translate information from 800 and 900 calls • Marry various stored program-controlled systems in the world Presenter: Bob Wright

  7. Signaling System 7: Why Out-of-Band? • Advantages over in-band signaling • Enables transport of more data at higher speeds (56 Kbps, faster than MF) • Enables signaling at any time in the entire duration of the call • Enables signaling to network elements to which no direct trunk connection is available (Advanced Intelligent Networks) Presenter: Bob Wright

  8. STP SCP Signaling System 7: Architecture Components Signal Switching Points (SSP) are telephone switches that generally originate, terminate, or switch calls, the node that provides dial tone. Signal Transfer Points (STP) are the packet switches of the SS7 network. Signal Control Points (SCP) are the databases that provide information necessary for advanced call-processing capabilities. SSP Presenter: Bob Wright

  9. IAM initial address message 1 ACM address complete message 2 ANM answer message (initiate billing) 3 REL release message, cause 4 CONVERSATION TAKES PLACE * RLC release complete message (terminate billing) 5 Signaling System 7 Basic call setup STP STP SS7 LINKS 2a. ACM 1a. IAM 3a. ANM 2b. ACM 5a. RLC 4a. REL 3b. ANM 1b. IAM 5b. RLC 4b. REL SSP SSP Voice Circuit Presenter: Bob Wright

  10. Signaling System 7: Architecture • SS7 Architecture Basic Quad LINKS Presenter: Bob Wright

  11. Signaling System 7 • SS7 Applications • 800/888/877/866/900 services • Enhancements in 800/888/877/866 call centers • 911 enhancements • Class features • Calling card toll fraud prevention • Credit card approval, authentication • Software/virtual defined private networks • Call tracing • Call blocking Presenter: Bob Wright

  12. Local Number Portability (LNP) Presenter: Bob Wright

  13. LNP and Signaling System 7 • Three phases of LNP • Service provider portability: change telco, keep same number • Service portability: want services not available at local end office, change switch, keep same telco, keep same number • Location portability: customer moves far away from area serviced by telco, the further the more technical challenge to LNP, keeping same number Presenter: Bob Wright

  14. LNP and Signaling System 7 • Telecommunications Act 1996 goal: • seamless and transparent comunications for the consumer, with a choice of providers • Major issues • Explain why the FCC is so adamant about using LNP • explain the need to preserve our telephone numbering systems • physical interconnection • settlements between carriers for access and co-carrier charges Presenter: Bob Wright

  15. Signaling System 7 and Key points of LNP • Demand for LNP and differences between wireline and wireless carriers for LNP • Wireless churn and fraud • Location NP • Database dips (LECs, ILECs, IECs and CLECs) • 911 issues • Billing issues • Describe the new components of LNP architecture Presenter: Bob Wright

  16. LNP and Signaling System 7 • Basic LNP Networks Presenter: Bob Wright

  17. LNP and Signaling System 7 • Wireline E-911 ANI = automatic number ID AMA = automatic message accounting CAMA = Centralized AMA PSAP = public safety answer point ALI = automatic location information Presenter: Bob Wright

  18. Local Number Portability (LNP) Basic flow or location routing number (LRN) Presenter: Bob Wright

  19. LNP and Signaling System 7 • Wireless E-911 PSAP = public safety answer point GPS to locate caller ALI = automatic location information, and x,y coordinates Presenter: Bob Wright

  20. SS7 and Roaming Capabilities Presenter: Bob Wright

  21. MSC= mobile switching center VLR = visiting location register HLR= home location register SS7 and Roaming Capabilities • Mobile registration Presenter: Bob Wright

  22. SS7 and Roaming Capabilities • Incoming call to idle mobile set Presenter: Bob Wright

  23. Signal System 7 Summary • Summary on SS7 • Call setup, administration, and tear down have changed to an out-of-band separate network called SS7 • The SS7 architecture makes it possible to reduce costs, implement many new applications, and integrate wired and wireless networks • SS7 makes it possible to implement LNP and roaming, two essential services for subscribers and businesses Presenter: Bob Wright

  24. Signaling System 7: Change Management and Leadership Issues • LNP implementation issues • Coordination between telcos • Scheduling • Installation responsibilities • Customer care end to end • E911 problems, especially wireless • Roaming services • Mode: analog, CDMA, GSM • Applications: voice, data, video • Billing and customer care • Who is in charge? • Telcos large and small • Government • Subscriber Presenter: Bob Wright

  25. Signaling System 7: EDS and Cardinal • Thank you very much. • Robert B Wright Presenter: Bob Wright

  26. Nortel Notes Presenter: Bob Wright

  27. Network Architecture Definitions Links: physical connections between two nodes Linksets: a collection of links between two nodes Destinations: a node in the network with which the current node communicates Routes: the next hop in a path to a destination in the network Routesets: a collection of routes a given destination Adjacent Point Code: a node that is physically connected using SS7 links Opposite Point Code: a node in the network that is physically connected using ISUP trunks. Direct SS7 signalling connectivity may or may not be present Presenter: Bob Wright

  28. Links, Linksets, Routes, Destinations, CIC details and restrictions Links: identified by linkset number (name), and link number (SLC = Signalling link code) SLC: Must be unique for a given linkset Only one linkset can be defined between adjacent nodes Destination: must be defined for each adjacent node and opposite node Routes: must be defined to each adjacent node and opposite node CIC: Circuit identification code. A unique number between two opposite point codes, that represents a specific voice channel. Presenter: Bob Wright

  29. Network Architecture STP C STP D STP B STP E SSP A CSG F CVX G SSP: Service Switching Point. The node that provides dial tone, and switches telephone calls. STP: Signal Transfer Point. The node in the SS7 network that transfers messages (router). Presenter: Bob Wright

  30. CSG Definitions For the CSG F in our picture: • Links:Link FD, Link FE, Link FA • Linksets:Linkset FD, Linkset FE, Linkset FA • Destinations:STP B, STP C, SSP A • Routesets: • STP Linkset FD, Linkset FE • STP Linkset FD, Linkset FE • SSP A Linkset FD, Linkset FE, Linkset FA • Adjacent Point Codes:STP E, STP D • Opposite Point Codes:SSP A ,SSP A Presenter: Bob Wright

  31. Point Codes ETSI are 14 bits, ANSI point codes are 24 bits Point codes can be displayed in either decimal, hex, or dotted decimal formats Decimal format simply involves converting the bits to a decimal value ANSI dotted Decimal divides the point code into network, cluster and member, each being represented by 8 bits ETSI dotted Decimal may divide the point code into either 3 or 4 sections, having a variable number of bits. The most common format is 3-8-3, that being 3 bits, 8 bits, 3 bits Presenter: Bob Wright

  32. SS7 Stack against OSI Model ISUP :The ISDN User Part (ISUP) defines the protocol and procedures used to set-up, manage, and release trunk circuits that carry voice and data calls over the public switched telephone network (PSTN). MTP3 :MTP Level 3 provides message routing between signaling points in the SS7 network. MTP2 :MTP Level 2 ensures accurate end-to-end transmission of a message cross a signaling link. Level 2 implements flow control, message sequence validation, and error checking. MTP1 :The lowest level, MTP Level 1, is equivalent to the OSI Physical Layer. MTP Level 1 defines the physical, electrical, and functional characteristics of the digital signaling link. Physical interfaces defined include E-1 (2048 kb/s; 32 64 kb/s channels), DS-1 (1544 kb/s; 24 64 kp/s channels), V.35 (64 kb/s), DS-0 (64 kb/s), and DS-0A (56 kb/s). http://www.gigabit.com/tutorials/ss7/ Presenter: Bob Wright

  33. Applications Presenter: Bob Wright

  34. New Applications SS7 AERIS: Specialized Mobile Telephone Operator • SMS: low latency high reliability text • On demand voice • Industrial style operations • Tank monitoring, utility management, security sensors • Microburst- event reporting and wireless remote control. • Two high-end switching centers • connect directly to the SS7 switches • core of CDMA cellular networks from 30 North American carriers • "subscriber" is any device --an oil-tank sensor or a motion detector -- with an embedded cellular radio, • Provisioned automatically, remotely with an Aeris phone number (block of 110 million numbers) Presenter: Bob Wright

  35. New Applications SS7 AERIS: Continued Device places a call to report a change or other data Call is handed off over the SS7 network from the carriers to an Aeris switching center Center then takes over the care and servicing of the client and the movement of data to enterprise applications or databases Center then takes over the care and servicing of the client and the movement of data to enterprise applications or databases 1.2 million such devices on the network Devices can make use of IP sessions over 1XRTT, Evolution Data Optimized, General Packet Radio Service and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution networks Presenter: Bob Wright

  36. New Applications SS7 • AERIS: SMS Direct service • Can deliver SMS messages in 6 seconds or less every time, throughout North America • That kind of performance, predictability and reliability is critical in machine-to-machine applications, which require near-real-time performance. • In contrast standard SMS messages may take seconds, minutes or even hours to reach their destinations. • Automobile applications • CDMA, in-band voice and data circuit without the need for human dialing, creating a voice connection automatically in emergency situations or in response to specific events Presenter: Bob Wright

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