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Paradigmas en Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia

Paradigmas en Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia. Claudio Fuerte Esquivel César Angeles -Camacho Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM. cfuertee@ii.unam.mx cangelesc@iingen.unam.mx. Power systems: How they work. Hydro. Basics Generation & transmission Substations & transformers

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Paradigmas en Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia

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  1. Paradigmas en Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia Claudio Fuerte Esquivel César Angeles-Camacho Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM cfuertee@ii.unam.mx cangelesc@iingen.unam.mx

  2. Power systems: How they work Hydro • Basics • Generation & transmission • Substations & transformers • Control centers Gas or CC Nuclear Coal

  3. Red eléctrica Europea

  4. InterconnectedMexicanSystem

  5. Unit commitment Electric Energy Balance

  6. Integración de energías renovables a SEP • Nowadays, environmental impact is a major factor in the consideration of any new electrical power scheme. • In Europe, most governments have programmes to support the generation of electricity using primary energy resources which are benign to the environment, such as • Wind • Solar - photo-voltaic • Micro-hydro • Ocean energy • Energy from municipal waste • Biomass

  7. Wind Generation • Embedded generation plants requires a power electronic systems that is capable of adjusting the generator frequency and voltage to the grid.

  8. Photovoltaic • Photovoltaic means electricity from light. • Photovoltaic systems use daylight to power ordinary electrical equipment, e.g., household appliances, computers and lighting. • The photovoltaic (PV) process converts free solar energy - the most abundant energy source on the planet - directly into electricity.

  9. Fuel Cells • A fuel cell converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly to produce water, electricity, and heat. • They are therefore inherently clean and efficient and are uniquely able to address the issues of environmental degradation and energy security. • They are also safe, quiet and very reliable. • Fuelled with pure hydrogen, they produce zero emissions of carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen or any other pollutant. • Even if fuelled with fossil fuels as a source of hydrogen, noxious emissions are orders of magnitude below those for conventional equipment.

  10. Ocean Power Wave and Tidal Power Generation

  11. Mexican System’s Control Areas

  12. Remote terminal unit Substation Communication link SCADA Master Station Energy control center with EMS EMS alarm display EMS 1-line diagram

  13. StateEstimation Analog Measurements Pi , Qi, Pf , Qf , V, I, θkm State Estimator Bad Data Processor V, θ Topology Processor Network Observability Check Circuit Breaker Status

  14. State Estimation for RTOs • Centralized • Raw measurements processed at the RTO • Very large scale system model and solution • Rely heavily on the system wide communication • Distributed • Each SC executes its own SE • Exchange and coordination of processed data • Topology / Analog errors are processed locally

  15. RTO Substation Processors Substation Processors Substation Processors DistributedStateEstimation GPS Boundary Measurements Estimated States Control Area 1 Control Area 2 Control Area 3

  16. State Estimation of Systems with FACTS devices • Modified SE formulation • Network model is modified to include FACTS device models • Estimation is formulated as a constrained optimization problem to incorporate the FACTS device operation constraints • FACTS device parameters may be estimated as part of the state vector or they may be assumed to be known

  17. espacio paramétrico,  espacio de estado, x crit x0(1) f(x,) = 0 xcrit 0 x0(2) Voltage stability region

  18. Voltage Stability Region

  19. Power Electronics Applications in Electrical Power Systems PowerElectronics • It deals with the processing of electric power • It implies the interaction of three elements: copper (I), Iron (f) and principallySilicón used to control the conversion. • It has revolutionized the way of designing and operate the electrical systems, the final goal is to have intelligent systems. • It is one of the fields with major growth: It estimates that at the end of this century, 90 % of the electric power will be processed before his final use.

  20. High-voltage transmission: FACTS Benefits Increase the capacity of existing transmission networks Increase the transmission system reliability and availability Increase dynamic and transient grid stability Enhancement in the quality of the electric energy delivered to customers Environmental benefits

  21. High-voltage transmission: FACTS • The ability of the transmission system to transmit power becomes impaired by one or more of the following steady-state and dynamic limitation Angular stability Voltage magnitude Thermal limits Transient stability Dynamic stability

  22. Gracias

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