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HUSNA SHARIF roll# 2 SEMESTER#3 rd batch# 5

HUSNA SHARIF roll# 2 SEMESTER#3 rd batch# 5 . Carrot cell wall. THE CELL WALL. plant cells separated by transparent cell walls. Introduction to cell wall Morphology of cell wall Composition of cell wall Prokaryotic cell wall Eukaryotic cell wall Functions of cell wall. INTRODUCTION.

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HUSNA SHARIF roll# 2 SEMESTER#3 rd batch# 5

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  1. HUSNA SHARIF roll# 2SEMESTER#3rdbatch# 5

  2. Carrot cell wall THE CELL WALL plant cells separated by transparent cell walls

  3. Introduction to cell wall • Morphology of cell wall • Composition of cell wall • Prokaryotic cell wall • Eukaryotic cell wall • Functions of cell wall

  4. INTRODUCTION • FOUND IN PLANT CELLS AND ABSENT IN ANIMALS • ALSO FOUND IN BACTERIAL,ALGAL, AND FUNGAL CELLS • OUTER MOST LAYER • FAIRLY RIGID • OUTER TO THE CELL MEMBRANE • NON LIVING SUBSTANCE • MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

  5. plant cells separated by transparent cell walls

  6. STRUCTURE • THREE MAIN LAYERS • MIDDLE LAMELLA • PRIMARY WALL • SECONDARY WALL

  7. Layers of cell wall

  8. MIDDLE LAMELLA • COMPOSED OF PECTIC ACID • IST FORMED LAYER • BETWEEN PRIMARY WALLS OF ADJACENT CELLS • DOES NOT CONTAIN CELLULOSE • HELP IN TISSUE FORMATION • ALSO CALLED CEMENTED SUBSTANCE

  9. PRIMARY WALL • COMPOSED OF CELLULOSE ,PECTIC ACID AND LEGNIN • CELLULOSE ARRANGED INA CRISS CROSS NMANNER • TRUE WALL

  10. SECONDARY WALL • INNER MOST LAYER OF CELL WALL • EXTREMELY THICK • CELL DIES WHEN CELL WALL FORMS COMPLETELY • MADE UP OF CELLULOSE,LEGNIN,SILICA,AND WAXES ETC

  11. COMPOSITION OF CELL WALL • DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT SPECIES • IN PLANT FROM CELLULOSE • IN BACTERIA PEPTIDOGLYCAN • IN FUNGI CHITIN • IN ALGAE GLYCOPROTIENS AND POLYSACCARIDES

  12. PROKARYOTIC CELL WALL(BACTERIAL CELL WALL) • PRESENT IN MOST OF BACTERIA • ABSENT IN SOME e.g. MYCOPLASMA • MADE UP OF MUREIN • HAS NO CELLULOSE • MUREIN ALSO CALLED AS PEPTIDOGLYCAN • PEPTIDO FOR AMINO ACIDS AND GLYCAN FOR SUGARS(DISACCARIDS)

  13. Gram positive bacterial cell wall

  14. Gram negative bacterial cell wall

  15. EUKARYOTIC CELL WALL • ALGAL CELL WALL • FUNGAL CELL WALL

  16. ALGAL CELL WALL • HAVE CELLULOSE AND A VERIETY OF GLYCOPROTIENS • ALGENIC ACID,SULFONATED POLYSCCARIDES,SPOROPOLLENIN, AGAROSE, PORPHYRAN ARE DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS USED IN CELL WALLS OF VARIOUS ALGAL SPECIES • DIATOMS(specie of algae) SYNTHESIZE THEIR CELL WALL FROM SILICIC ACID

  17. CELL WALLS OF DIATOMS

  18. FUNGAL CELL WALL • NOT ALL SPECIES OF FUNGI HAVE CELL WALLS • MOSTLY FUNGAL CELL WALLS ARE MADE OF UP CHITIN • SOME CONTAIN OTHER POLYSACCHARIDES ALSO • CELLULOSE IS ABSENT

  19. Chemical structure of a unit from a chitin polymer chain.

  20. FUNCTIONS OF CELL WALL • SHAPE • PROTECTION • TRANSPORT • SRENGTH AND REGIDITY • PERMEABILITY • REGULATION OF CELL VOLUME

  21. CREATES STABLE OSMOTIC PRESSURE • HYDROPHILIC • CONTROL RATE AND DIRECTION OF GROWTH • CARBOHYDRATE STORAGE • ECONOMIC PRODUCTS

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