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Endemic trees of the Cache River and Tree Identification

Endemic trees of the Cache River and Tree Identification. Jon E. Schoonover Email: jschoon@siu.edu Phone: 618-453-7468. Education. A.S. Kaskaskia Jr. College B.S. Forest Resource Management, SIUC M.S. Forest Hydrology, SIUC Riparian Buffers in Ag. Systems

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Endemic trees of the Cache River and Tree Identification

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  1. Endemic trees of the Cache RiverandTree Identification Jon E. Schoonover Email: jschoon@siu.edu Phone: 618-453-7468

  2. Education • A.S.Kaskaskia Jr. College • B.S. Forest Resource Management, SIUC • M.S. Forest Hydrology, SIUC • Riparian Buffers in Ag. Systems • Ph.D. Urban Hydrology and Watershed Management, Auburn University • Hydrology, water quality, and channel morphology across an urban-rural gradient

  3. Courses taught at SIU Courses • FOR 202 – Tree ID (Fall) • FOR 415 / 515 – Urban Ecosystem Management (Spring) • FOR 429 – Watershed Management, Field Lab (Fall) • FOR 452 – Forest Soils (Spring) • FOR 452L – Forest Soils Field Lab Course (Spring)

  4. Current and Past Research Projects Agriculture Related: • HGBF • Paired watershed, SIU • Building better buffers • Giant cane nursery Forestry Related: • West Virginia

  5. Other Research Military Installations: • Ft. Knox, KY • Ft. Benning, GA Urban Development: • Kaskaskia River Watershed

  6. Cache River

  7. The history of trees in the Cache • The Cache has trees of more than 1000 years old, probably some of the oldest living things East of the Mississippi • It’s estimated that the Cache River Watershed supported over 250,000 acres of mature cypress-tupelo forests in pre-settlement times • Prior to the Post Creek (constructed between 1912-1915) cutoff, the area was considered a mosquito infested swamp that harbored malaria

  8. A natural snackbar • Persimmons • Pawpaws • Wild goose plums • Blackhaws/Redhaws • Blackberries/Raspberries • Hickories/Walnuts • Pokeweed • Hickory root • Sassafras

  9. Harvesting in the Cache • Between 1810 and 1890 timber harvesting became a major industry in the Cache • Cypress was sought for it’s light, decay/water resistant properties • Sawmills began popping up along the borders of the Cache specializing in timber for lumber, railroad ties, charcoal, and packaging crates • Karnak once known as “Cachetown” • In 1898, the Main Brothers Box Lumber Co. came to Pulaski county and set up a sawmill along the Cache • Cut 2 million bdf annually for 20 yrs in the Big Black Slough region • Floated logs down the Cache to New Columbia (between present day Vienna and Metropolis)

  10. Cache River Giants • >12 State Champions • Cherrybark Oak, Baldcypress, Willow Oak • 2 National Champions • Water locust, Green hawthorn • Around the 1900s sawyers were harvesting cypress tree >130’ tall • Cane plants were “upwards of 30’ in height” • In 1855, state fair visitors witnessed a trumpet creeper vine over 1’ thick and a 3” thick poison-ivy that came from the Cache

  11. Forest Succession in Cache River Uplands • Across the Central Hardwoods Region, forests appear to be in transition from oak-hickory to more shade tolerant species (beech-maple) • Climatic change (increased precipitation) • Removal of anthropogenic and natural disturbances • Selective harvesting • Oaks-hickories are disturbance dependant species

  12. Dominant tree species on reforested bottomland in the Lower Cache

  13. Cypress-Tupelo Swamps

  14. Adaptations - Pneumatophores

  15. Wetland Forest Function

  16. Unique Plant Community in Riparian Areas of the Cache River Watershed • Giant cane [Arundinariagigantea (Walt.) Muhl.]

  17. Giant Cane Distribution

  18. Giant Cane Communities • Formerly vast monotypic canebrakes – now small patches • Lost due to urban and agricultural conversion, altered fire regime, grazing • Support a variety of unique species associates

  19. Associated Species • 16 Bird Species • Swainson’sand Bachman’s Warbler s (extinct) • 4 Reptiles • Canebrake Rattlesnake • 23 Mammals • Swamp Rabbit (a.k.a, Cane-cutter) • 7 Invertebrate Species • 6 Lepidoptera

  20. Dendrology • Defined: The science and study of woody plants, which include trees, shrubs, and lianas (vines).

  21. FOR 202-Course Objectives • Be able to identify 135 plant species (primarily trees) important to southern Illinois forests. • Provide the Family, Genus, Species, and common name for each quiz specimen. • Identify the correct terminology for various plant components including leaf shapes, fruit types, and other structures. (Laboratory quiz) • Understand silvicultural and ecologically significant characteristics of the species and ecosystems in which they occur.

  22. Course Format • Four hour laboratory will be held outside rain, shine, or snow. • Two sections: M 8-12, W 8-12. Each section will begin at 8 am sharp since many days we will be travelling off campus. • Each week approximately 10-15 new species will be introduced. • Quizzes will be held weekly (beginning week 2) on previously introduced species

  23. FOR 202 Fall 2011, Tentative Schedule

  24. Importance of Scientific Names • Common names are given to all plants and are for the everyday person to use, they are easy to pronounce and are usually descriptive. BUT: • trying to communicate with someone from a different region or country can be difficult. • sometimes the same plant has many different common names - Sweetgum, Stargum, American sweetgum, Redgum • different plants may have the same common name - Ironwood=Muslewood, Bluebeech, Eastern hophornbeam • Different ethnicities use different names - Osage-orange, Bois d’Arc (Bodark), Hedge-apple, Horse-apple • some plants are so rare that no common name is given.

  25. The Father of Botany • Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) • was the first to consistently use a system of binomial nomenclature which literally means two names. • Scientific names of plants consist of a generic name and a specific epithet, in Latin either underlined or in italics.

  26. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Plantae – Plants Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons Order: Fagales Family: Fagaceae – Beech Family Genus: Quercus - oak Species: alba – white oak

  27. Usually the first question about the leaves will be their arrangement: alternate, opposite, or whorled

  28. Opposite Leaf Arrangement • MAD CAP HORSE (or BUCK) • Maples • Ashes • Dogwoods • Caprifoliaceae Family • Horsechestnut/Buckeye

  29. Second division will be the leaf type: compound or simple.

  30. Leaf Tips, Bases, and Venation Leaf Shapes

  31. Leaf Margins

  32. Other characteristics to look for when identify trees, shrubs, and vines • Texture of leaf or bark • Shagbark hickory, sycamore • Smell or odor when leaf is crushed • Black cherry, sassafras, spicebush • Hairs, glands, scales or lack thereof on bottom of leaf • Black cherry • Milky or clear sap when stem is pinched • Norway maple, osage-orange • Habitat found growing • Blackjack oak, Baldcypress • Leaf surface shiny or dull • Red vs white mulberry, Southern magnolia

  33. ISBN-13: 978-1-883097-64-6 • https://pubsplus.illinois.edu/C1396.html

  34. Tree Species Platanusoccidentalis Liriodendron tulipifera Sassafras albidum Juniperusvirginiana Tiliaamericana Prunusserotina Fraxinuspennsylvanica Pinusstrobus • Ulmusalata • Juglansnigra • Fagusgrandifolia • Quercusmacrocarpa • Acer sacharrum • Cerciscanadensis • Quercusvelutina • Magnolia grandiflora • Acer negundo

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