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SNAP and SPAN

SNAP and SPAN. Barry Smith and Pierre Grenon University at Buffalo and Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science ( ifomis.de ) University of Leipzig. Formal Ontology. = domain-neutral Examples of categories:

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SNAP and SPAN

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  1. SNAP and SPAN Barry Smith and Pierre Grenon University at Buffalo and Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science (ifomis.de) University of Leipzig

  2. Formal Ontology • = domain-neutral • Examples of categories: • Substance, Process, Agent, Property, Relation, Location, Spatial Region • Part-of, Boundary-of

  3. Material Ontology • = regional or domain-specific ontology, e.g. GeO • Examples of categories: • River, Mountain, Country, Desert … • Resides-In, Is-to-the-West-of

  4. Realist Perspectivalism There is a multiplicity of ontological perspectives on reality, all equally veridical and transparent to reality vs. Reductionism: “Only my preferred perspective on reality is veridical”

  5. Realist Perspectivalism Perspectivalism: all views are ontologically admissible. Realist Perspectivalism: only those perspectives are admissible that are transparent to reality

  6. Need for different perspectives • Double counting: • 3 apples on the table • 7 x 1016 molecules at spatial locations L1, L2 and L3 • Not one ontology, but a multiplicity of complementary ontologies • Cf. Quantum mechanics: particle vs. wave ontologies

  7. Cardinal Perspectives • Formal vs. Material • Micro- vs. Meso- vs. Macro • SNAP vs. SPAN

  8. A Network of Domain Ontologies BFO = Basic Formal Ontology

  9. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  10. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  11. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  12. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  13. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  14. Cardinal Perspectives Formal vs. Material Ontologies Granularity (Micro vs. Meso vs. Macro) SNAP vs. SPAN

  15. Granular Partitions

  16. Ontological Zooming

  17. folk geography land survey Ontological Zooming

  18. Ontological Zooming both are transparent partitions of one and the same reality

  19. Cardinal Perspectives Formal vs. Material Ontologies Granularity (Micro vs. Meso vs. Macro) Time: SNAP vs. SPAN

  20. t i m e process Substances and processesexist in time in different ways substance

  21. t i m e process Snapshot vs. video substance

  22. Endurants and perdurants • Substances and processes • Continuants and occurrents • In preparing an inventory of reality • we keep track of these two different categories of entities in two different ways (stocks vs. flows)

  23. Endurants vs. perdurants • Endurants • - have continuous existence in time • - preserve their identity through change • - exist in toto if they exist at all • Perdurants • - have temporal parts • - unfold themselves through time • - exist only in their phases/stages

  24. Endurants vs. perdurants • Substances vs. their lives

  25. You are a substance • Your life is a process • You are 3-dimensional • Your life is 4-dimensional

  26. Substances do not have temporal parts • The first 5-minute phase of my existence is not a temporal part of me • It is a temporal part of that complex process which is my life

  27. How do you know whether an entity endures or perdures?

  28. SNAP vs. SPAN • SNAP: a SNAPshot ontology of endurants existing at a time • SPAN: a four-dimensionalist ontology of processes

  29. Three kinds of SNAP entities • Substances • SPQR… entities • Spatial regions, Contexts, Niches

  30. SPQR… entities • States, powers, qualities, roles …

  31. Other SPQR… entities: • functions, dispositions, plans, shapes • SPQR… entities are all dependent on substances • relations

  32. space Examples of simple SNAP ontologies 1

  33. Examples of simple SNAP ontologies 2

  34. Examples of simple SNAP ontologies 3

  35. includes everything which exists at the corresponding now each SNAP section through reality

  36. Many SNAP Ontologies t3 t2 t1 here time exists outside the ontology, as an index or time-stamp

  37. t i m e The SPAN Ontology

  38. The SPAN ontology here time exists as part of the domain of the ontology

  39. campaign t i m e The SPAN ontology

  40. SNAP and SPAN ontologies are partial only They are windows on just that portion of reality which is visible through the given ontology (… Pat Hayes …) • (Realist perspectivalism)

  41. SNAP: Entities existing in toto at a time

  42. Three kinds of SNAP entities • Substances • SPQR… entities • Spatial regions, Contexts, Niches

  43. SNAP

  44. SPAN: Entities extended in time

  45. SPAN: Entities extended in time

  46. SPAN: Entities extended in time

  47. Rule: Respect Granularity spatial region substance quality parts of spatial regions are always spatial regions

  48. Respect Granularity spatial region substance quality parts of substances are always substances

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