英 国 文 化

1. 英 国 文 化 British Culture and Education 主讲教师：田祥斌 Lecture 6

2. Introduction to the United Kingdom • London Tourism (2) (Chapter 18) • British Education: Universities in London

3. The British Museum (p. 274) -- The British Museum (1735) is a museum of human history and culture situated in London. Its collections, which numbering some eight million works (objects) are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.

4. The British Museum Today, the British Museum has grown to become one of the largest museums in the world. Altogether the British Museum showcases on public display less than 1% of its entire collection.

5. The British Museum --博物馆开放时间 　　星期六至星期三：10:00 - 18:00 　　星期四和星期五：10:00 - 20:30 　　博物馆在下列日期闭馆：元旦、24日、25日、26日 --The museum as well as all other national museums in the United Kingdom charges no admission fee.

6. Hyde Park (See the textbook, p. 275) -- Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner. The park is divided in two by the Serpentine. The park is contiguous with Kensington Gardens; although often still assumed to be part of Hyde Park.

7. Hyde Park -- Hyde Park is 142 hectares (350 acres) and Kensington Gardens is 111 hectares (275 acres), giving an overall area of 253 hectares (625 acres), making the combined area smaller than New York City's Central Park (341 hectares or 843 acres) which is the largest park in downtown. To the southeast (but outside of the park) is Hyde Park Corner.

8. Hyde Park -- Kensington Gardens closes at dusk but Hyde Park remains open throughout the year from 5 am until midnight. The park has become a traditional location for mass demonstrations. Many protestors on the Liberty and Livelihood March in 2002 started their march from Hyde Park.

9. The Tower of London (pp275-276) -- It is one of London’s most famous sights and one of its most crowded, too. The tower served as both fortress and palace. From William the Conqueror in the 11th century to Henry VIII in the 16th century, they once lived here, and it remains a royal palace.

10. The Tower of London Inside the Tower you can see a collection of old armor and instruments of torture.

11. The Tower of London Magnificent White Tower is a central tower, the old keep, at the Tower of London. It was built by William the Conqueror. The White Tower is a Grade I listed building. 甲级建筑保护

12. The Tower of London -- The Tower once was a state prison from Norman times as well as a royal residence at intervals until James I. --The Tower has served variously as an armory 军械库, a treasury, the home of the Royal Mint, 皇家铸币局a public records office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. --It is protected as a World Heritage Site.

13. St Paul’s Cathedral -- St Paul's Cathedral, London, is a Church of England cathedral and seat of the Bishop of London. -- At 365 feet (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1962, and its dome is also among the highest in the world. --The important services held at St Paul's include the funerals of Lord Nelson, the

14. St Paul’s Cathedral Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill; Jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria. --The wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, the launch of the Festival of Britain and the thanksgiving services for the Golden Jubilee, the 80th Birthday and the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

15. St Paul’s Cathedral -- It is the biggest and most well-known church in London, a typical example of the architecture of the Renaissance. It took 35 years to complete it. The church is noted for its beautiful Baroque proportions. Wall paintings, stone and bronze carvings 青铜雕刻品inside the cathedral are masterpieces of the 18th century art, especially the delicate carvings.

16. Buckingham Palace -- It is the palace for the London home of the queen and the administrative house of the entire royal family. When the queen is in residence (normally on weekdays) The private apartments of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip are in the north wing. The ceremony of the Changing of the Guard takes place in front of the palace at 11:30 daily.

17. Buckingham Palace --Buckingham Palace is the official London residence and principal workplace of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality. --The Buckingham Palace Garden is the largest private garden in London.

18. Windsor Castle （温莎城堡） -- Windsor Castle is a medieval castle and royal residence in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, notable for its long association with the British royal family and for its architecture. The original castle was built after the Norman invasion by William the Conqueror.

19. Windsor Castle --Windsor Castle is the largest inhabited castle in the world, but it also remains a functioning royal home. About five hundred people were living and working in the castle. The Queen has increasingly used the castle as a royal palace as well as her weekend home and it is now as often used for state banquets and official entertaining as Buckingham Palace.

20. Windsor Castle -- The castle remains an important ceremonial location. -- During the Queen's tenure much has been done, not building, but also to transform it into a major British tourist attraction, containing a significant portion of the Royal Collection of art, which is managed from Windsor.

21. Tower Bridge Tower Bridge (built 1886–1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, over the River Thames.

22. Tower Bridge -- The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. The bridge's present color scheme dates from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen Elizabeth II's silver jubilee. Originally it was painted a greenish-blue color. -- Tower Bridge is sometimes mistakenly referred to as London Bridge, which is the next bridge upstream.

23. The Greenwich Royal Observatory -- Royal Greenwich is a district of south-east London, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich. -- Royal Greenwich is notable for giving Greenwich Mean Time.

24. Madame Tussauds (杜莎夫人蜡像馆) -- Madame Tussauds is a well-known wax museum (exhibition of about three hundred life-size figures) in London with branches in a number of major cities in the world.

25. Madame Tussauds -- Madame Tussauds is a major tourist attraction in London, displaying waxworks of historical and royal figures, film stars, sports stars and infamous murderers. On the third floor are the modern and contemporary politicians and statesmen—Washington, Lincoln, Churchill, Lenin, Mao Zedong, and Mrs. Margaret Thatcher.

26. The National Gallery -- The National Gallery houses the national collection of Western European painting from the 13th to the 19th centuries. It is on show 361 days a year, free of charge. -- It is located in Trafalgar Square. -- 特拉法加广场，又称“鸽子广场”

27. Universities in London The University of London --The University of London is a federal public university based in London. It comprises 18 constituent colleges, 10 research institutes and a number of central bodies. It is the second-largest university in the United Kingdom by number of full-time students, with around 135,000 campus-based students and over 50,000 distance learning students.

28. The University of London -- The university was established by Royal Charter in 1836. -- For most practical purposes, ranging from admissions to funding, the constituent colleges operate as individual universities, and some have recently obtained the power to award their own degrees whilst remaining in the federation.

29. The University of London The nine largest colleges are: -- London School of Economics and Political Science (4) -- University College London [UCL] (7) -- King's College London [KCL] (11) -- The School of Oriental and African Studies[SOAS] (24) -- Royal Holloway [RHUL] (30) -- Queen Mary (37) -- Goldsmiths [GUL] (46) -- The London Business School [LBS] -- Birkbeck, University of London [BBK]

30. The University of London -- Formerly a constituent college, Imperial College London left the University of London in 2007.

31. The University of London Notable alumni, faculty and staff -- A large number of famous individuals have passed through the University of London, either as staff or students, including at least 4 monarchs, 52 presidents or prime ministers, 72 Nobel laureates, 6 Grammy winners, 2 Oscar winners and 3 Olympic gold medalists.

32. Imperial College London Imperial College London (officially The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine) is a public research university located in London, specializing in science, engineering, medicine and business. Formerly a constituent college of the federal University of London, Imperial became fully independent in 2007, the 100th anniversary of its founding.

33. Imperial College London Imperial is organized into four main academic units – Imperial College Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Faculty of Engineering and the Imperial College Business School – within which there are over 40 departments, institutes and research centers.

34. Imperial College London Established 8 July 1907 Type: Public Total net income: £704.2 million (as at 31 July 2011) Endowment: £75.6 million Rector: Sir Keith O'Nions Admin. Staff: Approximately 7,170 (2011) Students: 13,410 Undergraduates: 8,350 Postgraduates: 5,060

35. Imperial College London Imperial has over 6,000 academic staff, including 2 Fields Medallists, 66 Fellows of the Royal Society, 71 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 62 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences. --The Imperial Faculty of Medicine is one of the largest faculties of medicine in the UK. It has six teaching hospitals.

36. Imperial College London Notable alumni, faculty and staff Herbert George Wells (1866 – 1946) was an English author, and has been referred to as "The Father of Science Fiction".

37. H.G.Wells (1866-1946)赫·乔·威尔斯 • A. His Life • --He was born in Bromley, Kent. • --His parents were unsuccessful shopkeepers. Their marriage was unhappy. • --He was brought up in the lower middle class. • --He got a scholarship in 1884 and studied biology with T.H. Huxley. • --In 1888 he took an excellent degree in science at London University.

38. --He married his cousin Isabel in 1891, but the marriage collapsed after three years when he eloped with Amy Catherine Robbins. • --Throughout his life Wells was a dedicated womanizer and an advocate of sexual freedom. • --In 1893 he turned wholly to journalism and authorship. He once was a member of Fabian Society

39. B. His literary achievements and his major works • He wrote more than 50 novels and volumes of short stories and many non-fiction books. • 1. Main Science-fiction novels • The Time Machine (1895) • The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896) • The Invisible Man (1897) • The War of the Worlds (1898) • The First Men on the Moon (1901)

40. 2. Social novels or comic novels, or novels of humor • Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul (1905) • The History of Mr. Polly (1910) • Ann Veronica (1909) • 3. Novels of ideas • Tono-Bungay (1909)

41. C. His contributions • 1. His Time Machine pioneered the English science fiction. • 2. He inherited the English realistic tradition, but combined it with the scientific fantasies and so he was in step with the reforming and changing trend of the age and shaped the minds of the growing generation. In a sense he bridged the gap in the transformation from realism to modernism.

42. D. His science fiction • 1. the danger to man • 2. limits of the human body and the qualities of machines • 3. explore the world of space • --On the whole, he was interested in the possibilities for good rather than in the disadvantages. • --The details of science fiction stories change and develop as scientific advances are made, but many of the themes remain the same.

43. Imperial College London Notable alumni, faculty and staff Jessica Hester Hsuan (Chinese: 宣萱) born 18 August 1970, is currently one of the most popular television actresses of Hong Kong. She graduated with a Bachelors Degree in “Materials Science and Engineering” from Imperial College London in 1992.

44. Imperial College London Notable alumni, faculty and staff 14 Nobel Prize winners

45. London South Bank University London South Bank University (LSBU) is a public university located in London. With over 25,000 students and 1,700 staff, it is based in the London， near the South Bank of the River Thames, from which it takes its name.

46. London South Bank University --Founded from charitable donations in 1892 as the "Borough Polytechnic Institute", LSBU absorbed several other local colleges in the 1970s and 1990s, and achieved university status in 1992. LSBU is a new university and puts strong focus on their students' employability. --With almost 2,000 international students from over 130 countries, London South Bank University is one of London's largest and oldest universities.

47. London South Bank University Admin. Staff 1,700 Students： 24,748 --Undergraduates:17,571 --Postgraduates: 5,692 --Other students:1,484

48. Tickets for transportation in London Daytime off-peak and reduced fares on the Tube are from 9.30am to 4.00pm and after 7pm Monday to Friday. Zone Peak Price Off-Peak Price 1-2 1-6