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Política lingüística e inmigración en Estados Unidos

Política lingüística e inmigración en Estados Unidos. Universidad de Granada 31 de marzo de 2009 Julia Cardona Mack 4. La Constitución y la Carta de Derechos El movimiento de derechos civiles / English Only Case Law / el Tribunal Supremo

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Política lingüística e inmigración en Estados Unidos

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  1. Política lingüística e inmigración en Estados Unidos Universidad de Granada 31 de marzo de 2009 Julia Cardona Mack 4

  2. La Constitución y la Carta de Derechos El movimiento de derechos civiles / EnglishOnly Case Law / el Tribunal Supremo IniciativasCiudadanas y el poder de los estados Leyes

  3. La Constitución 1787 – escrita por comités “Committee of Style and Arrangement” Alexander Hamilton, William Johnson, Rufus King, James Madison, Y Gouverneur Morris • Se tardaron dos días. • Preámbulo: We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

  4. The Bill of Rights: la Carta de Derechos • Garantiza los derechosindividuales • 27 enmiendas • 1865: XIII: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • 1920: XIX: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. • 1971: XXVI: The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

  5. Enmiendasqueprotegendirectamente a los inmigrantesindocumentados • Amendment IV • The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. • Amendment V • No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. • Amendment VI • In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

  6. El movimiento de derechosciviles • Monroe v. Pape (basado en KKK Act of 1871) • Control federal del poder de los estados • Civil Right Act of 1964 • creó la EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission • Regulations (reglamentos) • Compliance (cumplimiento)

  7. El tribunal supremo • 1789- establecidopor la Constitución • Certiorari • 10,000 peticionesporaño • 100 en vista plenaria • 50/60 se revisan sin vista • no por derecho sino por discreción

  8. Iniciativasciudadanas y el poder de los estados • proposición 187 • aprobada por los votantes de California en noviembre 1994 con 58.8% a favor • Las cortesfederalesbloquearonsuimplementación • 1998- gobernador Gray Davis “la mató” • la retórica racista polarizó al electorado de California • alejó a los votantes hispanos del partido republicano • negaba a indocumentados servicios médicos que no fueran de emergencia, y educación pública • exigía a policía y servidores públicos reportar a autoridades cualquier indocumentado

  9. “English Only” Cui bono? • propuestas de legislación por “U.S. English” e “EnglishFirst” • prohibir todo uso de cualquier lengua que no sea el inglés en asuntos federales, estatales y locales • empezó en 1981 con “English Language Ammendment” • nunca llegó a votación, ni en comité • otrosgrupos • Pro English • English Plus – EPIC, LULAC… • 28 estadostienenleyes “English Only”

  10. ¿qué hablan los hispanos?

  11. Hay 298 idiomas reconocidos en México. De éstos 291 están vivos y 7 se extinguieron. De 105 millones de habitantes el 8% son hablantes de lenguas amerindias. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp

  12. Las mujeres indias wirrárikas tienen menores niveles de escolaridad, generalmente son monolingües y viven en sistemas familiares que permiten la poligamia.

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