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Reasoning Rationally

Reasoning Rationally. Using thinking to make good decisions. Objectives: the student will=. Define Reasoning Define Algorithms Including inductive and deductive reasoning (venn) Define Heuristic and Create a dialectical reasoning chart on an argument topic

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Reasoning Rationally

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  1. Reasoning Rationally Using thinking to make good decisions

  2. Objectives: the student will= • Define Reasoning • DefineAlgorithms Includinginductive and deductive reasoning (venn) • DefineHeuristic and Create a dialectical reasoning chart on an argument topic • Explainreflective judgment

  3. chapter 7 Reasoning The drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, facts, or assumptions

  4. Reasoning • Formal reasoning problems- college entrance exam- have all info needed • Only need to apply algorithm

  5. Algorithms • Formulas, Procedures. • For example Mathematical formulas, scientific procedures. G.P.A., gas mileage • Always works if you follow procedure • But Does not work for everything. • Are you happier with a red car or white car? • Objective problem= then use Heuristic

  6. School transportation algorithm

  7. chapter 7 Algorithms and logic Deductive reasoning A tool of formal logic in which a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises.

  8. Conclusion necessarily follows • All human beings are mortal • I am a human being • Conclusion- I am mortal • DEDUCTIVE REASONING

  9. chapter 7 Algorithms and logic Inductive reasoning A tool of formal logic in which a conclusion probably follows from a set of premises.

  10. Conclusion PROBABLY true • Delicious meal at Joe’s restaurant Monday • Delicious meal at Joes Tuesday • Delicious meal on Wednesday • Reasonably reach conclusion Joe’s serves good food • But meals could have been prepared by guest chef filling in

  11. Selecting a Strategy • Trial and error • Search for key in the dark • More complex problems= Better Methods • Knowledge, Procedure, Formula • Step by step ( systematically) Called Algorithms=FORMAL REASONING • HOWEVER • Heuristic- More intuitive ( going with your gut)

  12. Flow of terms

  13. chapter 7 Heuristics and dialectical thinking Heuristic A rule of thumb that suggests a course of action or guides problem solving but does not guarantee an optimal solution Dialectical reasoning A process in which opposing facts or ideas are weighed and compared, with a view to determining the best solution or resolving differences

  14. Heuristic • Simple basic rules, “Rule of thumb” • Hearts card game “get rid of high cards first” • Usually start off in right direction • 3 Heuristic Strategies worth remembering • Walking backwards-Eliminates false starts and dead ends. Math problems • Analogy- Did this work last time? Snow Tires • Sub goals- Break problem down. Plan of attack. Research Paper

  15. Dialectical reasoning chart • Should Marijuana be legal? • Any controversial topic • Then cover up the side you believe in • How do you feel?

  16. Core Concept • Good thinkers not only have a repertoire of effective strategies, called algorithms and heuristics, they also know how to avoid impediments to problem solving

  17. chapter 7 Reflective judgment Skills • Question assumptions • Evaluate and integrate evidence • Relate evidence to theory or opinion • Consider alternative interpretations • Reach defensible conclusions • Reassess conclusions in face of new evidence

  18. chapter 7 Stages of reflective judgment

  19. Summary • Reasoning • Algorithms- inductive/deductive • Dialectical reasoning

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