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Computer Organization & Assembly Language

Computer Organization & Assembly Language. Lecture # 4 By Muhammad Jafer. Quiz. Minutes (10) Total Marks (15) What are the basic components of a computer & task perform by them ? Are these basic components dependent on each, if yes then how and why ?

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Computer Organization & Assembly Language

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  1. Computer Organization & Assembly Language Lecture # 4 By Muhammad Jafer

  2. Quiz • Minutes (10) • Total Marks (15) • What are the basic components of a computer & task perform by them ? • Are these basic components dependent on each, if yes then how and why ? • Why do we need a memory model for a processor ? • Name memory models for processor?

  3. Important concepts of 8088/86 • Pipelining • Registers

  4. Pipelining • Making CPU Speed Faster • Work Frequency • Internal Architecture • Work Frequency • Technology Dependent • Cost & Availability of Technology • ICs Architecture • Important decisions at architecture level

  5. Pipelining • Internal Architecture • Remember RISC & CISC • Sequential execution of instructions • Non-Pipelining • 8085 • Pipelining

  6. nonpipelined(e.g., 8085) fetch 1 exec 1 fetch 2 exec 2 pipelined fetch 1 exec 1 (e.g., 8086) fetch 2 exec 2 fetch 3 exec 3

  7. Pipelining • Simplest Form • Fetching & Execution • Parallel • Intel Implementation • 8088/8086 • Splitting internal architecture into 2 units • Bus Interface Unit • Execution Unit • BIU access Memory • EU executes instructions

  8. Bus Interface unit (BIU) • In 8088/86 has a buffer &/or queue • 8088 4 bytes long • 8086 6 bytes long • If Queue is full then ????? (Challenge 0.1) • JUMP Command Problem • Simples form 2 stages • Can be complex

  9. Execution unit (eU) • Executes • Slower than BIU • Branch Penalty

  10. Registers • Why do we need registers • 6 type of registers • How to use them will be discussed in length during this course when related instructions will come • First Later of Indicates Its usage • AX = Accumulator • BX= Base Address • CX= Counter in loops • DX = Point to data in I/O operations

  11. Category Bits Register names 16 AX, BX, CX, DX General 8 AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH, DL 16 SP(stack pointer), BP(base pointer) Pointer Index 16 SI(source index), DI(destination index) CS(code segment), DS(data segment)SS(stack segment), ES(extra segment) Segment 16 Instruction 16 IP(instruction pointer) Flag 16 FR(flag register) Registers of 8086/286 by category

  12. Chapter Review • The x86 PC Assembly Language, Design & Interfacing by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillispieMazidi & Danny Causey • Chapter # 1 • Inside The 8088/86

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