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The Fall and Disunity of the Han Dynasty: Internal and External Weaknesses

Explore the internal and external weaknesses that led to the fall of the Han Dynasty, including ineffective emperors, the power of the empress' family, natural disasters, popular uprisings, and incursions by non-Chinese nomads. Understand the era of prolonged disunity and the north-south split, as well as the importance of outside influences in Chinese civilization. Visit www.meekosmulanpage.com for more information.

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The Fall and Disunity of the Han Dynasty: Internal and External Weaknesses

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  1. HAN CHINA, CONT’D Foodstuffs

  2. MURAL OF KITCHEN SCENE

  3. DISUNITY & INTERACTION BETWEEN CHINA & BORDER PEOPLES History 103 Professor Constantine Vaporis

  4. FALL OF THE HAN (dynastic cycle) • Internal problems • External problems

  5. INTERNAL WEAKNESSES • Succession of ineffectual emperors • Growth in power among local aristocracy • Power of empress’ family • Usurpation of power by eunuchs

  6. EXTERNAL WEAKNESSES • Natural disasters, 173-179 AD • Popular uprisings--Yellow Turbans (184 AD); 5 Bushels of Rice Band • General CAO CAO (Ts’ao Ts’ao) • Incursions by non-Chinese nomads

  7. ERA OF PROLONGED DISUNITY, 220-589 AD

  8. WHY DO EMPIRES RISE & FALL? • Size of political unit • Productivity of the economy • Percentange of total output spent on administration and defence • Technological level

  9. THE XIONGNU (Hsiung-nu)

  10. Barbarians (non-Chinese) • Military & civil officials from Jiaozhi (Vietnam) • Clothed (civilized) vs. partial nakedness (barbarity)

  11. ERA OF PROLONGED DISUNITY 220 AD-589 AD

  12. Chinese and barbarians

  13. ERA OF PROLONGED DISUNITY, 220-589 AD

  14. NORTH-SOUTH SPLIT • Xiongnu sack Jin (Chin) capital, Loyang (316 AD) • = time of “Peach Blossom Spring” (by scholar-official T’ao Ch’ien) • Beginning of migration of Han (ethnic) Chinese southward

  15. 5 DYNASTIES IN SOUTH • 31-589 AD • Capitals at Nanking (Nanjing) • Chinese = ethnic minority • Slow sinicization of non-Chinese

  16. 16 KINGDOMS (in north) • 304-589 AD • “Five Barbarians” • Conversion into sedentary peoples

  17. Temporary unification of North • Under Tuoba Turks (NOT Chinese) • Establish NORTHERN WEI dynasty, 439-534 • Succeeded by 4 short-lived dynasties (E. Wei, W. Wei, N. Qi, N. Zhou) • Sinicization of Northern Wei

  18. IMPORTANCE OF OUTSIDE INFLUENCES IN CHINESE CIVILIZATION • Cultivation, weaving of cloth; trousers • Medicinal plants • Food • Horse-breeding techniques • Saddle, breast harness • Stirrup? (5th c.) • Creation of aristocracy of mixed blood

  19. Conclusion Chinese empire = Sino-barbarian synthesis

  20. Reunification under Sui, 589-618

  21. www.meekosmulanpage.com/

  22. MULAN • www.meekosmulanpage.com/

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