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Learn how to describe families, express possession, give dates, tell ages, make comparisons, and use possessive adjectives in Spanish. Practice forming family relationships and showing possession correctly.
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Unidad 3, leccion2 ¿Cómo es tu familia?
In this lesson you will learn to: • Describe families • Ask & tell ages • Express possession • Give Dates • Make comparisons • Using • de to show possession • Possessive adjectives • Comparatives
La familia • El abuelo • El cuñado • El esposo • El hermano • El hermanastro • El hijo • El mediohermano • El nieto • El padre • El padrastro • El primo • El sobrino • El suegro • El tío • La abuela • La cuñada • La esposa • La hermana • La hermanastra • La hija • La media hermana • La nieta • La madre • La madrastra • La prima • La sobrina • La suegra • La tía
To tell family relationship: Use the verb ser when referring to relationship Remember the conjugations of ser are soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son For example: The mother of my mother is my grandmother. La madre de mi madre es mi abuela. The son of my brother is my nephew. El hijo de mi hermano es mi sobrino. The wife of my brother is my sister-in-law. La esposa de mi hermano es mi cuñada. I am the granddaughter of my grandmother. Soy la nieta de mi abuela. They are my newphews. Ellos son mis sobrinos.
Now you try: • 1. The mother of my father is my grandmother. • 2. The daughter of my sister is my niece. • 3. The son of my uncle is my cousin. • 4. The wife of my brother is my sister-in-law. • 5. The children of my parents are my siblings (brothers and sisters).
Check a few things: • Did you use the correct article with each family member when you said the? Using“el” with male members and “la” with female and “los” and “las” when they are plural? • Did you use “mi” and “mis” when you said my? Using “mi” with a single family member and “mis” with multiple members (plural words) • Did you use “es” for “is” and “son” for “are” when talking about other people?
Showing possession The rule: For example: • El gato de Marisa (Marisa’s cat) • Los primos de Juan (Juan’s cousin) • In Spanish ’s is never used. To show possession, use de and the noun that refers to the owner/possessor.
You try: • 1. Jose’s sister • 2. Marisol’s birthday • 3. my brother’s dog • 4. my friend’s cat • 5. Paula’s book
In Spanish, possessive adjectives agree in number with the nouns they describe and replace the article before the noun. Possessive Adjectives For example: • Nuestro padre • Our father • Nuestra madre • Our mother • Nuestros padres • Our parents • Nuestras hermanas • Our sisters Notice the possessive adjective is singular or plural based on the word behind it.
You try: • 1. My dog • 2. My cats • 3. Her daughter • 4. Our son • 5. Their children • 6. Their aunt • 7. Your student (s,f)
Use tener to talk about how old a person is. The verb tener For example: • ¿Cuántosañostienestú? • How old are you? • Yotengo quince años. • I am fifteen years old. • ¿Cuántosañostienetu amigo? • How old is your friend? • Mi amigo tienedoceaños. • My friend is twelve years old.
You try: • 1. How old is your grandmother? • 2. My grandmother is fifty-seven years old. • 3. My brother is ten years old. • 4. Our cat is eight years old. • 5. His father is forty years old.
Asking & Telling dates: Examples asking about dates: Telling dates: • ¿Cuáles la fecha? • What is the date? • ¿Cuándoestucumpleaños? • When is your birthday? • ¿Cuándoes el cumpleaños de tuhermano? • When is your brother’s birthday? • To give the date, use the phrase: • Es el + number + de + month • Only the first of the month does not follow the pattern. • Es el primero de noviembre • It is the first of November • The year is expressed in thousands and hundreds. • Mil cuatrocientossetenta y dos • (1472)
Comparatives are expressions used to compare two people or things. In English, comparative adjectives are formed by adding –er to the end of a word or by using more, less, and as. English: Pablo is taller than Juan.Spanish: Pablo es más alto que Juan.
Comparatives with an adjective • más… que • Mi amiga esmástalentosaque mi hermano. • My friend is more talented than my brother. • menos…que • La clase de cienciasesmenosdivertidaque la clase de español. • The science class is less fun than the Spanish class. • tan…como • Mi maestraestansimpáticacomotumaestra. • My teacher is as nice as your teacher.
Comparatives without an adjective • más que… • Me gusta escuchar música más que estudiar. • I like listening music more than studying. • menos que… • Me gustan las naranjas menos que las uvas. • I like oranges less than grapes. • tanto como… • ¿Te gusta leer un libro tanto como mirar la television? • Do you like reading a book as much as watching television?
There are a few irregular comparative words. They agree in number with the first noun. mayor (older), menor (younger), mejor(better), peor (worse) • For example: • Misabuelos son mayores que mistíos. • My grandparents are older than my uncles. • Mi hermanoesmenor que mi prima. • My brother is younger than my cousin.
Try a few: • 1. My grandmother is more neat than my aunt. • 2. My brother is less serious than my father. • 3. My mom is as funny as my grandfather. • 4. Spanish class is better than English class. • 5. Strawberries are better than grapes.
