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F. Golzardi, F. Mondani, G. Ahmadvand, S. Vazan, GH. Shabani 1 , SH. Sarvar-Amini

The allelopathy effects of water extracts of canola on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds. F. Golzardi, F. Mondani, G. Ahmadvand, S. Vazan, GH. Shabani 1 , SH. Sarvar-Amini.

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F. Golzardi, F. Mondani, G. Ahmadvand, S. Vazan, GH. Shabani 1 , SH. Sarvar-Amini

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  1. The allelopathy effects of water extracts of canola on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds

  2. F. Golzardi, F. Mondani, G. Ahmadvand, S. Vazan, GH. Shabani1, SH. Sarvar-Amini

  3. - Ph.D Student of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Islamic Azad University_Karaj Branch.

  4. - Ph.D Student of crop ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

  5. - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University.

  6. - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Islamic Azad University_Karaj Branch. • - M.Sc Student of Rural Development, University of Tehran.

  7. Abstract

  8. In order to determine allelopathic effects of water extract of canola residues on seed germination of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and foxtail(Alopycorus myosoreides) was investigated in 2006. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Treatments were three kinds of water extract of canola (shoot, root and shoot + root) and five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percentage) of extracts. Each plot was a Petri-dish with 9 cm diameter and 3 cm depth. At the end of germination, germination inhibition, shoot / root ratio, root dry weight, root length and seedling dry weight were determined according to ISTA method. The results showed that, water extract of canola did have difference allelopathic effects on weeds seed germination. The germination percentage, shoot / root ratio, root length and seedling dry weight decreased with increasing concentration canola extract. Seed germination of wild radish then redroot pigweed and foxtail showed more sensitive to canola extract. The water extract of root then shoot and shoot + root of canola showed the most allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of weeds.

  9. Key words: Allelopathy, Canola, Weeds, Seed Germination.

  10. Cultural , Mechanical and Chemical Weeds Control in Canola

  11. (Brassica napus L.)

  12. R. Poor-azar

  13. - Agriculture and Natural Recourses Research Center of Khozestan.

  14. Abstract

  15. Two field trials conducted to investigate chemical and mechanical methods of weed control in canola (Brassica napus L.). Under MAKHAR (i.e.Irrigation for suitable tillage condition) and no MAKHAR conditions. Experiments with split block and 4 replications were used in Shavoor station in 2001-2003. Main plots of the two experiments were showel cultivator and non-cultivator and hand weeded. Sub plots were trifluraline herbicide (2 l/h), ethalfluralin herbicide (3 l/h) and no herbicide treatments. The results showed that the highest dry weight and the lowest of both two experiments obtained from no cultivator and no herbicide treatments, which showed significant differences. The highest yield was obtained from hand weeded plus herbicide treatment and also from cultivator plus herbicide tratment. These results showed that if herbicide is used in canola, the crop will grow rapidly as a result of weed control and approperate air flow in soil and it will over come the remaining weeds and high yield will be obtained. Either of the two herbicides (trifluraline and ethalfluralin) showed the same effect on weed control by itself during the two years of experiments, but in the second year when it associated which cultivator, trifluraline showed higher yield than ethalfluralin.The use of trifluraline and ethalfluralin by itself could not control Sinapis arvensis, Silybum marianum and Malva rotundifolia and the used of cultivator by itself could not control weeds as a result of observing weeds remaining on rows. The results of this study demonstrated that by using herbicides such as trifluraline and ethalfluralin plus cultivator we are able to control weeds. A comparison between the two experiments showed that under MAKHAR condition, the yield of canola and dry weight of weeds were higher and lower than no MAKHAR respectively. These results showed that pre-cultivation MAKHAR could decrease weed growth and consequently increases yield.

  16. Key words: Canola, Trifluraline, Ethalfluralin, Showel cultivator, MAKHAR.

  17. Effect of Trifluralin and Iron on Morphological Characteristics and Iron Absorption of Soybeans

  18. D. Roodi, H. Ghadiri, M. Maftoon2

  19. - Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.

  20. - Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University.

  21. Abstract

  22. Effects of trifluralin (2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine) and iron on morphological characteristics and iron absorption of five cultivars of soybeans (Glycine max L. Mevr.) were studied using a completely randomized block design under greenhouse condition. Treatments consisted of five levels of trifluralin (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, mg a.i/kg soil), three levels of iron (0, 5, 10 mg a.i/kg soil), and five cultivars of soybeans (Williams, Clarck, Pershing, KW505, SRF 450). Results indicated that increase in trifluralin concentration significantly decreased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot and root and root nodules in all cultivars for all levels of iron. However, root to shoot dry weight ratio was increased. Trifluralin at zero iron level, caused significant reduction in chlorophyll and iron concentration of shoot in Williams, Pershing and KW 505, but did not have any effect on Clarck and SRF 450. Trifluralin application at 5 and 10 mg iron/kg soil did not significantly affect chlorophyll and iron concentration. With trifluralin application, reduction rates of chlorophyll and iron concentration in cultivars were significantly different. The highest sensitivity was observed in KW505 and Pershing and the lowest in Clarck and SRF450. Application of 5 mg iron/kg soil, significantly increased leaf area of KW 505, but did not have any significant effect on trifoliate leaf number. Application of 5 and 10 mg iron /kg soil significantly increased shoot dry matter in KW 505 and Williams respectively, but root to shoot dry weight significantly decreased with application of 5 mg iron/kg soil. Application of 5 mg iron/kg soil significantly increased root dry weight of KW505. Iron application did not have any significant effect on dry matter and number of root nodules. However iron application significantly increased leaf chlorophyll concentration of Williams, Pershing and KW 505 and shoot iron concentration of all cultivars.

  23. Key words: Herbicide, Trifluralin, Soybean, Cultivar, Iron.

  24. Investigation different weed management in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in rain fed condition • M. Hatami, S. Vazan, GH. Shabani, F. Mondani, F. Golezardi3, SH. Sarvar-Amini

  25. - Agriculture Jahad Organization of Kermanshah.

  26. - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Islamic Azad University_Karaj Branch.

  27. - Ph.D Student of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Islamic Azad University_Karaj Branch.

  28. - Ph.D Student of crop ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. • - M.Sc Student of Rural Development, University of Tehran.

  29. Abstract

  30. Present investigation carried out to study different weed control methods in spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under rain fed condition.The experiment was conducted in Sararood Research Station located in west of Iran in 2006. The experimental design was a factorial based on RCBD with four replications. Factor A was included 4 different herbicides Trifluralin at 960 gr a.i./ha, Pendimethalin at 660 gr a.i./ha, Ethalfluralin at 1172.5 gr a.i./ha ,Imazametabenz at 625 gr a.i./ha. and Factor B was 4 different method including without mechanical control, hand weeding at the 6 leaves stage, cultivator at 6 leaves stage, hand weeding at the 12 leaves stage + cultivator at 6 leaves stage along with two checks namely without weed, and without any weed control. The result showed that mechanical control after the herbicides application increased weed control compared with the herbicides applied alone. A cultivator at 6 leaves stage with a hand weeding at 12 leaves stage with Imazamethabenz herbicide application increased weed control compared with all other stage. Decreasing of weed dry weight was observed in integrated treatments and sole herbicides treatment had less effect on reducing of weight dry weed.

  31. Key words: safflower, weeds, chemical control, mechanical control, integrated control.

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