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Ch 4 – Emotions and Stress

Ch 4 – Emotions and Stress. Part 1: Feb 6, 2007. Influence of Emotions. Emotion – overt reactions that express feelings. 4 properties: 1. Emotions have an object – related to event 2. Six universal categories of emotions: what are they? 3. Expression is universal

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Ch 4 – Emotions and Stress

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  1. Ch 4 – Emotions and Stress Part 1: Feb 6, 2007

  2. Influence of Emotions • Emotion – overt reactions that express feelings. 4 properties: • 1. Emotions have an object – related to event • 2. Six universal categories of emotions: what are they? • 3. Expression is universal • 4. Cultural influence on emotion display

  3. Brief History of Emotions in OB • For years, org research dominated by rational-cognitive models • Motivation theories • Job satisfaction evaluations • Simon (1976) viewed emotional aspects of org behavior as ‘irrational’ • Recent interest in moods & emotions • Stimulated by social psy (Isen – early 90’s) • Current view ?

  4. Emotions v Moods • Emotions are distinct from moods • What is the distinction? • Both appear to influence job perf: how?

  5. Org Control of Emotions • Orgs often assume that rationality must be preserved & emotions controlled • Ashforth & Humphrey (’95) – 4 types of org control behaviors for emotion regulation: • 1. Neutralizing – • 2. Buffering – • 3. Prescribing – • 4. Normalizing – • Sept 11th examples from Driver (2003) study

  6. Unanswered Questions • Beginning to distinguish job sat, emotions, & moods’ influences on perf, but…what are some remaining Qs?

  7. Managing Emotion • In addition to research on emot intell, new research on emotional dissonance: • Situation where you’re required to display emotions on the job inconsistent with your true emotions • Can occur in at least 3 ways: how? • Due to expectations of your role • Cognitive & physiological effort involved is referred to as ‘emotional labor’ • Related to stress

  8. (cont.) • In emot labor area, Morris & Feldman distinguish: • ‘surface acting’ • ‘deep acting ‘ • Some researchers suggest coping w/this by depersonalizing the situation • Cultural differences in emotional labor? • Differential effects of SA & DA on burnout

  9. Socialization & Hazing • New research on organizational bullying, hazing newcomers… • Hazing new employees • McDonald’s example • Power Company example • Most likely in blue-collar jobs requiring teamwork • Why is it done?

  10. Psychological Contract • Employees’ beliefs about terms of an exchange relationship betw org and ee. • Types of contracts – • Transactional • Relational • Which type of contract violation is worse for employees’ mental health?

  11. Psychological Contract • Changes over time – now emerging psych contract of ‘employability’ • What is it? • How has this affected ees?

  12. Contingent Work • Along w/change in psych contract is increase in contingent work: • Job in which person: • doesn’t have contract for long-term employment or… • one where # hours worked can vary in a nonsystematic way • World’s largest employer is Manpower, Inc. (temp services)

  13. Contingent Work (cont.) • Types of contingent workers: • 2/3rds want perm employment, but have low skills • examples? • Increasing group of ‘free agents’ • Last group is ‘transients’

  14. Contingent Work Outcomes • Not a clear picture of their satisfaction • May depend on needs/preferences • More likely to have transactional contracts? • Complaints about being treated differently from perm workers (non-tenure track profs) • Benefits to organizations?

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