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Wind Energy - 101 Educators Workshop

Wind Energy - 101 Educators Workshop. The Kidwind Project St. Paul, MN joe@kidwind.org www.kidwind.org. What is KidWind?.

kyle-holloway
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Wind Energy - 101 Educators Workshop

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  1. Wind Energy - 101 Educators Workshop The Kidwind Project St. Paul, MN joe@kidwind.org www.kidwind.org

  2. What is KidWind? The KidWind Project is a team of teachers, students, engineers, and practitioners exploring the science behind wind and other renewable forms of energy. Our goal is to make renewable energy widely accessible through hands-on activities which are challenging, engaging and teach basic science and engineering principles. “Engaging minds for a responsible future…” KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  3. Why Renewable Energy & Efficiency?

  4. Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years • ENERGY • Water • Food • Environment • Poverty • Terrorism & War • Disease • EDUCATION • Democracy • Population Source: Nobel Laureate Richard Smalley

  5. Science Literacy • In the U.S., anthropogenic climate change is still a “debate” • Recent studies have shown that 50% of Americans cannot name an example of renewable energy. • 8% of Americans can pass basic energy literacy test • How can we “conserve” energy if we don’t understand basic energy concepts? KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  6. Atmospheric Carbon vs. Temp KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  7. Where does the Carbon Come From Global annual fossil fuelcarbon dioxide emissions through year 2004, in million metric tons of carbon, as reported by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center This figure shows the relative fraction of man-made greenhouse gases coming from each of eight categories of sources, as estimated by the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 3.2. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  8. Where is the Wind Power? KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  9. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  10. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  11. Why such growth…costs! 1979: 40 cents/kWh 2000: 4 - 6 cents/kWh NSP 107 MW Lake Benton wind farm 4 cents/kWh (unsubsidized) • Increased Turbine Size • R&D Advances • Manufacturing Improvements 2011: 4-5 cents/kWh

  12. Renewable Portfolio Standards www.dsireusa.org / February 2010 ME: 30% x 2000 New RE: 10% x 2017 VT: (1) RE meets any increase in retail sales x 2012; (2) 20% RE & CHP x 2017 WA: 15% x 2020* MN: 25% x 2025 (Xcel: 30% x 2020) MT: 15% x 2015 NH: 23.8% x 2025 MI: 10% + 1,100 MW x 2015* MA: 15% x 2020+1% annual increase(Class I RE) ND: 10% x 2015 OR: 25% x 2025(large utilities)* 5% - 10% x 2025 (smaller utilities) WI: Varies by utility; 10% x 2015 goal SD: 10% x 2015 NY: 29% x 2015 RI: 16% x 2020 CT: 23% x 2020 NV: 25% x 2025* IA: 105 MW OH: 25% x 2025† PA: 18% x 2020† CO: 20% by 2020(IOUs) 10% by 2020 (co-ops & large munis)* WV: 25% x 2025*† IL: 25% x 2025 NJ: 22.5% x 2021 CA: 33% x 2020 KS: 20% x 2020 UT: 20% by 2025* VA: 15% x 2025* MD: 20% x 2022 MO: 15% x 2021 DE: 20% x 2019* DC AZ: 15% x 2025 NC: 12.5% x 2021(IOUs) 10% x 2018 (co-ops & munis) DC: 20% x 2020 NM: 20% x 2020(IOUs) 10% x 2020 (co-ops) TX: 5,880 MW x 2015 HI: 40% x 2030 29 states + DC have an RPS (6 states have goals) State renewable portfolio standard Minimum solar or customer-sited requirement * State renewable portfolio goal Extra credit for solar or customer-sited renewables † Solar water heating eligible Includes non-renewable alternative resources KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  13. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  14. 20% Wind by 2030 • Requires 300 GW (300,000 MW) of wind generation • Report shows that affordable, accessible wind resources are available across the nation • Wind Industry would support 500,000 jobs • Major Challenges: • Transmission • Technology improvements • Project Siting KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  15. Why Wind Education in K-12 ? • Students learn science/math standards • Lessons are completely scalable from elementary through college level • Addresses myths regarding wind energy • Improves the local understanding of wind energy • Provides a bulwark against misunderstandings and fictional problems with wind energy • Encourages higher interest in Science and Math • Science/Math activities with “larger social purpose” • Students learn about jobs/careers in wind industry, as well as opportunities for further training

  16. Wind Power • History • Technology • Impacts • Wind in the Classroom

  17. Early “Windmill” in Afghanistan (900AD)

  18. Jacobs Turbine – 1920 - 1960 WinCharger – 1930s – 40s

  19. Smith-Putnam Turbine Vermont, 1940's

  20. Modern Windmills

  21. Rotor Orientation

  22. Advantages Omnidirectional Accepts wind from any angle Components can be mounted at ground level Ease of service Lighter weight towers Can theoretically use less materials to capture the same amount of wind Disadvantages Rotors generally near ground where wind poorer Centrifugal force stresses blades Poor self-starting capabilities Requires support at top of turbine rotor Requires entire rotor to be removed to replace bearings ½ of rotor travels upwind Have never been commercially successful Cost per kilowatt-hour Overall poor performance and reliability Vertical Axis Turbines

  23. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines • Rotors are usually Up-wind of tower • Some machines have down-wind rotors, but only commercially available ones are small turbines • Proven, viable technology

  24. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  25. Wacky Designs out there…

  26. Large Wind Turbines

  27. Yaw Controller High Speed Shaft Blade Pitch Controller Low Speed Shaft Generator Gearbox KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  28. Yawing – Turning to face the Wind • Active Yaw (Large Turbines) • Automated – computer system tells a motor to turn nacelle • Passive Yaw (Small Wind) • Wind forces alone direct rotor • Tail vanes • Downwind turbines

  29. Maintenance KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  30. Off-Shore Wind Farms

  31. Importance of the WIND RESOURCE

  32. Why do windmills need to be high in the sky??

  33. Calculation of Wind Power • Power in the wind • Effect of swept area, A • Effect of wind speed, V • Effect of air density,  Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3 R Swept Area: A = πR2 Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).

  34. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  35. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  36. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  37. Issues and Impacts of Wind Power

  38. Positive Impacts • No air pollution or greenhouse gas emissions • CO2, NOx, SOx, Mercury… • No water consumption or pollution • Diversifies national energy portfolio • Economic Benefits • Jobs • Cost of energy • Landowner revenue • Contribution to local taxes

  39. In the November-December Audubon Magazine, John Flicker, President of National Audubon Society, wrote a column stating that Audubon "strongly supports wind power as a clean alternative energy source," pointing to the link between global warming and the birds and other wildlife that scientist say it will kill.

  40. Bat Impacts KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

  41. Impacts of Wind Power:Sound • Modern turbines are relatively quiet • Rule of thumb – stay about 3x hub-height away from houses • VERY CONTROVERSIAL

  42. Transmission Problems • Where is the wind? • Where are the population centers? • Where are the wind farms? • How do we get wind energy from the wind farms to the population centers?

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