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Chapter 14

Chapter 14. Programming and Languages. Key Words & Terms. application generator: 代码生成器 assembly language: 汇编语言 beta testing: beta 测试 code: 代码 coding: 编码 compiler: 编译器 computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools: 计算机辅助软件工程工具 debugging: 调试 desk checking: 桌面检测

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Chapter 14

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  1. Chapter 14 Programming and Languages

  2. Key Words & Terms • application generator: 代码生成器 • assembly language: 汇编语言 • beta testing: beta 测试 • code: 代码 • coding: 编码 • compiler: 编译器 • computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools: 计算机辅助软件工程工具 • debugging: 调试 • desk checking: 桌面检测 • DO UNTIL structure: 一种循环结构DO UNTIL • DO WHILE structure:一种循环结构DO WHILE • documentation: 文档化 • fifth-generation language (5GL): 第五代语言 • formatting language: 格式化语言 • fourth-generation language (4GL): 第四代语言 • generation: 代，级 • higher level: 高级

  3. Key Words & Terms • IF-THEN-ELSE structure: 分支结构 • IFPS (interactive financial planning system): 交互式财务策划系统 • interpreter: 解释器 • levels: 层次，级 • logic error: 逻辑错 • logic structure: 逻辑结构 • loop structure: 循环结构 • lower level: 低级 • machine language: 机器语言 • maintenance programmer: 维护程序员 • markup language: 标记语言 • module: 模块 • natural language: 自然语言 • object: 对象 • object code: 对象代码 • object-oriented programming (OOP): 面向对象程序设计 • object-oriented software development: 面向对象软件开发 • objectives: 目标，对象

  4. Key Words & Terms • operators: 操作员 • portable language: 可移植语言 • problem-oriented language: 面向问题语言 • procedural language: 过程语言 • program: 程序 • program analysis: 程序分析 • program coder: 代码生成器 • program definition: 程序定义 • program design: 程序设计 • program documentation: 程序文档 • program flowchart: 程序流程图 • program maintenance: 程序维护 • program modules: 程序模块 • program specification: 程序说明 • programmer: 程序员 • programming: 编程，程序设计 • programming language: 程序设计语言 • pseudo-code: 伪码

  5. Key Words & Terms • query language: 查询语言 • selection structure: 选择结构 • sequence structure: 顺序结构 • software development: 软件开发 • software engineer: 软件工程 • source code: 源代码 • structured program: 结构化程序 • structured programming techniques: 结构化程序设计技术 • syntax error: 语法错 • third generation language (3GL) : 第三代语言 • top-down program design: 自上而下程序设计 • user: 用户 • very high level language: 超高级语言 • visual programming language: 可视化程序设计语言

  6. Competencies(Page 1 of 2) • Describe the six steps of programming • Discuss design tools including top-down design, pseudocode, flowcharts, and logic structures • Describe program testing and the tools for finding and removing errors Page 4398

  7. Competencies(Page 2 of 2) • Describe CASE tools and object-oriented software development • Explain the five generations of programming languages Page 398

  8. Introduction • In this chapter programming is described in two parts: (1) the steps in the programming process and (2) some of the programming languages available. • Programming is part of Phase 4, systems development, in the systems life cycle. • Competent end users need to understand the relationship between systems development and programming. Page 399

  9. Programs and Programming • What is a Program? • A problem-solving procedure • A list of instructions • Prewritten • Custom-written • Application software • System software Page 400

  10. What is Programming? • Programming is software development • Six step procedure • Program specification • Program design • Program code • Program test • Program documentation • Program maintenance Page 400

  11. Step 1: Program Specification • Also called programs definition or program analysis • 5 Step Process • Program Objectives • Desired Output • Input Data • Processing Requirements • Document Program Specifications Page 401

  12. Program Objectives • Objectives are the problems that you are trying to solve • Programming requires a clear statement of the problem that you are looking to address Return Page 401

  13. Program Specification Steps Continued • Desired output • Input Data • Processing Requirements • Program Specifications Document End user’s sketch of desired output Example of statement of hours worked Page 402

  14. Step 2: Program Design • Plan a solution • Use structured programming techniques • Top-down program design • Pseudocode • Flowcharts • Logic structures Page 403

  15. Step 3: Program Code • Writing the program or coding • The good program • Reliable • Catch input errors • Understandable to other programmers • Structured programs best method • Use the most appropriate computer language • Coding Page 407

  16. Coding • Formatting or presentation language • Programming language Page 408

  17. Step 4: Program Test • Debugging • Testing • Eliminating errors • Syntax errors • Logic errors • Testing process Page 422

  18. Step 5: Program Documentation • Written descriptions and procedures about a program • Important for people who will use the program • Users • Operators • Programmers Page 411

  19. Step 6: Program Maintenance • 75% of total lifetime cost • Error-free operations • Effective program • Two categories • Operations • Changing needs Page 412

  20. Case Tools • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) • Automate development process • Designing • Coding • Testing activities Page 414

  21. Object-Oriented Software Development • Focuses less on procedures, more on relationship between objects • OOP: Object-oriented programming • Object contains both the data and the processing operations Page 415

  22. Generations of Programming Languages (Page 1 of 2) • Occurring in “generations” or “levels” • Levels-Machine languages to natural languages • There are five generations : • Lower level closer to machine language • Higher level closer to human-like language Page 415

  23. Generations of Programming Languages (Page 2 of 2) • 1st -- Machine languages • 2nd -- Assembly languages • 3rd -- High level procedural languages (3GL) • 4th -- Problem-Oriented languages (4GL) • 5th -- Natural Languages & Visual programming languages (5GL) Page 415

  24. Language Translators • compiler compiling linking resource code========>.obj=======>.exe • interpreter

  25. Discussion Questions(Page 1 of 2) • Identify and discuss each of the six steps of programming. • Describe CASE tools and OOP. How does CASE assist programmers? • What is meant by “generation” in reference to programming languages? What is the difference between low-level and high-level languages? Page 428

  26. Discussion Questions(Page 2 of 2) • What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? • What are logic structures? Describe the differences between the three logic types. Page 428

  27. End of Chapter 14

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