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Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood. Dr. Arra Chapter 8 . Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood. 3-6 years-old Children become integrated into society Children acquire values, standards, and knowledge of society Children are distinct individuals and take on distinct roles.

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Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

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  1. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood Dr. Arra Chapter 8

  2. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • 3-6 years-old • Children become integrated into society • Children acquire values, standards, and knowledge of society • Children are distinct individuals and take on distinct roles

  3. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood KEY CONCEPTS: • personality: a person’s temperament, emotions, behavior, interests, and intellectual ability • Theory on personality - develops to protect our self-esteem

  4. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Self concept: the set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes defines who he or she is • Self esteem: the judgments we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments

  5. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Identity: sense of who you are an individuals uniqueness not completed until late adolescence (Erikson) • Gender • Sex

  6. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Gender identity: an image of oneself as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics • Androgyny: scoring high on both masculine and feminine characteristics

  7. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Sex-role identity: socially/culturally influenced • gender • develops very early on • How one dresses, plays • Child looks to mother or father to imitate/model appropriate behaviors EX: Barbies vs. G.I. Joe’s (different activities)

  8. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood Children are also developing self-control • Acting in accordance with the expectations of caregivers even when they do not want to or are not being directly monitored • Ability to stop and think before taking action

  9. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Children develop a conscience: one’s standard on how to behave and the consequences of behaviors • Children are developing prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping, caring, empathizing

  10. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Children are able to read/understand others’ emotions • Children are beginning to learn to regulate their emotions (cognitive, physiological, behavioral)

  11. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Mildred Parten’s Categories of Social and Nonsocial Play (1932) • Unoccupied behavior: child not playing, but watching anything of interest • Onlooker behavior: child watches other children play • Solitary independent play: child plays alone

  12. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Parallel play: child plays besides other children and with similar toys • Associative play: child plays with other children, but with little organization or goals • Cooperative play: child plays in a group organized for some goal

  13. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Recent research: • Children of all ages engage in all types of play • Parten’s view too simplistic

  14. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • AGGRESSION/VIOLENCE • Instrumental aggression: child wants an object, privilege, or space, and will push, shout at, and attack another to get it • Hostile aggression: behavior meant to hurt another person

  15. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood TWO TYPES OF HOSTILE AGGRESSION • Overt Aggression: harming another through physical injury or the threat of physical injury • Relational aggression: damaging another’s peer relations through social exclusion or rumor spreading

  16. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • These two types of aggression emerge by the early preschool years • Boys tend to be more overtly aggressive due to hormone differences between boys and girls • Girls=relational aggression; interferes with intimate bonds that are especially important to girls • Aggressive behaviors are largely related to child-rearing conditions

  17. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Does TV cause aggression???

  18. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood DISCIPLINE • Methods of teaching children character, self-control, moral values, and behavior • Behavioral Approach reinforcement punishment spanking

  19. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Effects of Punishment • The importance of modeling • Time-out

  20. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • CHILD-REARING STYLES Combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations, creating an enduring child-rearing climate Diana Baumrind • Authoritative • Authoritarian

  21. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood • Permissive • Neglectful

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