Satyr

1. Satyr • Friends of Dionysus and Pan • Often played Flutes/Pipes • roguish but faint-hearted folk — subversive and dangerous, yet shy and cowardly • Loved wine and women

2. showed mortals how to cultivate grapevines and make wine • often represented on Attic vases with a drinking horn and vine branches • According to tradition, Dionysus died each winter and was reborn in the spring. To his followers, this cyclical revival, accompanied by the seasonal renewal of the fruits of the earth, embodied the promise of the resurrection of the dead.

3. Centaur – Half-man/Half-horse • Intelligent, civilized, and kind • According to myth, he taught legendary heroes such as: Asclepius, Asclepius, Aristaeus, Ajax, Aeneas, Actaeon, Caeneus, Theseus, Achilles, Jason, Peleus, Telamon, Heracles, Oileus, Phoenix, and in some stories, Dionysus.

4. Nymphs, in Greek and Roman mythology, lesser divinities or spirits of nature, dwelling in groves and fountains, forests, meadows, streams, and the sea, represented as young and beautiful maidens, fond of music and dancing. The nymphs were distinguished according to the part of nature they personified, and included the Oceanids, or daughters of Oceanus, the ocean that flows around the earth; the Nereids, or daughters of the sea god Nereus, nymphs of the Mediterranean Sea; the Potameides, river nymphs; the Naiads, nymphs of springs and freshwater streams; the Oreads, nymphs of mountains and grottoes; and the Dryads, nymphs of the forests

5. Athena • Born from Zeus’s head • Competes with Poseidon for Athens • Poseidon gives saltwater • Athena gives olive tree • She wins, city is named for her

6. Hermes • Winged Sandals, Winged Hat, Golden Caduceus • Trickster: Steals cattle from Apollo by making them walk backwards, then denies ever having done it

7. Hesperides • Nymphs commissioned by Hera to protect her garden in the West • Occasionally, they would steal from the garden • A hundred-headed dragon, Ladon, is put in the garden as a second protector

8. Artemis • carries a bow and arrows • goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity, fertility, young girls and disease in women • Tied to Orion

9. The Big Three • After the battle with the Titans, they all draw lots • Zeus wins, Hades loses

10. Apollo • Patron of Delphi • Python is sent by Hera to kill him and his sister • Once old enough, he tracks it down, kills it in Delphi • Pythian Games are instituted so Apollo can purify himself • Precursor to Olympics

11. Oracle at Delphi • Also called the “Pythia” • Process • Sacrifice and Question • Question presented to Pythia • Entered her trance • Priest would interpret • Some say her trances were crazed

12. Athens • Capital of Greece • Ruled by Aegeus and Theseus • Home of the Acropolis • Represents artistic development • Often considered the most important city in Greek mythology

13. Gorgons • 3 Sisters: Medusa, Euryale, & Sthenno • Whoever looked at them turned to stone • Guardians of the entrance to the Underworld

14. Pan • Son of Hermes & either Penelope or Callisto • god of shepherds and flocks, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music • Companion to Satyrs and Nymphs • Believed to be dead

15. Nemean Lion • Sent to Memea to terrorize the town • Killed by Hercules • Pelt is a spoil of war • Heritage • Either son of Typhon and Echnida • Or, Zeus and Selene • Or, Chimera

16. Typhon • Fathered by Tartarus • Final son of Gaea • Most deadly monster in mythology • Hands reached from East to West • Had 100 dragon heads • Bested by Zeus, trapped in Mount Etna

17. Echidna • Mother of all monsters • the goddess fierce Echidna who is half a nymph with glancing eyes and fair cheeks, and half again a huge snake, great and awful, with speckled skin, eating raw flesh beneath the secret parts of the holy earth. And there she has a cave deep down under a hollow rock far from the deathless gods and mortal men. There, then, did the gods appoint her a glorious house to dwell in: and she keeps guard in Arima beneath the earth, grim Echidna, a nymph who dies not nor grows old all her days.

18. Chimera • Part Lion, Part Goat, Part Snake • Breathes fire • Killed by Bellerophon

19. Trojan War • Ten year war between Troy and Greece • Plan of Zeus • Depopulate the earth, especially of his demigod descendants • Iliad, Odyssey • Achilles, Odysseus, Paris, Hektor, Agamemnon

20. Arachne • Divine Myth despite the use of mortals • Arachne challenges Athena to weaving contest • Athena destroys Arachne’s piece • Arachne hangs herself • Out of pity, Athena makes her a spider

21. Love Triangle • Ares and Aphrodite • Eros, Arethousa, Phobos, Deimos and Adrestia • Helios firsts sees the affair, tells Hepheastus • Builds the net • Catches them and shows them off to the god

22. Orpheus • Son of Apollo • Married and widowed on the same day • Hades agrees to give her back if he leaves without looking back • Forgot and turned around