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Cave Review and Reflection

Cave Review and Reflection. Key Characteristics of Hominids. Australopithecus : Time & Period: 3.2 mya (million years ago) Location: Hadar , Ethiopia, South Africa Fossil Evidence: 40% of skeleton; skull, jaw, ribs, arm, pelvis, thigh bones Appearance:

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Cave Review and Reflection

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  1. Cave Review and Reflection

  2. Key Characteristics of Hominids • Australopithecus: • Time & Period: 3.2 mya (million years ago) • Location: Hadar, Ethiopia, South Africa • Fossil Evidence: 40% of skeleton; skull, jaw, ribs, arm, pelvis, thigh bones • Appearance: • -large, apelike head, brain 1/3 size of modern brain • Jutting jaw, prominent brow bones, flared cheekbones, toes and fingers curved, arms longer but legs same as modern man

  3. Australopithecus • Capabilities & Skills: • -walked almost upright/straight ahead • -bipedal (2-footed) • -no spoken language • -diet of easy to chew foods

  4. Homo Habilis: • Time & Period: 2 MYA • Location: KoobiFora, Kenya, Africa • Fossil Evidence: skull, jawbone, hand & foot bones • Appearance: • -larger brain (750 cubic cm) then Austra and smaller back teeth , 5 ft tall, 100 lbs • Capabilities & Skills: • -”handy man” who made stone tools from lava & quartz rocks and tools from bones • -ate fruit/plants/meat • -lived in social groups and waited for large animals to leave carcass to use for bones and eat for “protein”

  5. Homo Erectus • Time & Period: 1.8 MYA-200,000 yrs ago • Location: Lake Turkana, Kenya, Africa, Bejing, China • Fossil Evidence: Skull , thighbone, complete skeleton • Appearance: • -skull which was round & small, larger brain (900 cubic cm) • -prominent single brow bone, tall, thin, barrel chested, large back teeth, no chin, stronger than modern man • Capabilities & Skills: • -walks taller, stronger

  6. Homo NeanderthalensisSapien • Time & Period: 230,000 yrs ago-30,000 yrs ago • Location: Kebara Cave, Israel • Fossil Evidence: skull cap, thighbones, left arm & pelvis • Appearance: • -brain larger than modern humans (1,450 cubic cm) • -stock, short limbed, broad noses, body size larger, powerful muscles • Capabilities & Skills: • “wise man”, advanced tools(knives, points, blades, scrapers, spears) • -group hunts; took care of sick, honored dead, nomads , built teepee-like shelters with bones and animal, frozen pits used for meat, discovered fire

  7. Homo Sapiens Sapiens • Time & Location: 100,000-30,000 years ago • Location: Cave in France • Fossil Evidence: groups bones in burial site • Appearance: • -many features of modern man , large brain (1350 cubic cm), slender bones, small teeth, high, rounded skull, chin, dark skin, hairless bodies • Capabilities & Skill: • -not adapted for cold climates, control of fire to survive winters, blades of flint, 100 different tools (needles, fishhooks, spear thrower, bow & arrow, harpoons • -traveled in small groups from campsite to campsite • -constructed fireplaces, created cave art, carved clay, ivory, bone into art & musical instruments, had a language

  8. Reflection Activity: • 1. Write a constructed response • (1 or more paragraphs) to the following question: How do archaeologists know of evidence of early human life? • Make sure you start your paragraph with the following topic sentence: Archaeologists know of evidence of early human life by many ways. • Give details to support this topic sentence! • 2. In your next paragraph, explain what you liked about the cave activities and what you learned.

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