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Disaster, Security, and Governance

Disaster, Security, and Governance. MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University. Japan : disaster management system before 3.11. The Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act The Disaster Management Council (advisory body)

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Disaster, Security, and Governance

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  1. Disaster, Security, and Governance MAGG Spring 2014 Bin Xu Assistant Professor Florida International University

  2. Japan: disaster management system before 3.11 • The Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act • The Disaster Management Council (advisory body) • Minister of State for Disaster Management (coordinating disaster preparedness) • Ad hoc Disaster Management Headquarters in times of emergency • The Self-Defense Forces: can dispatch SDF units without a request from the prefecture governor (after 1995)

  3. Japan: disaster management system before 3.11 • Comparison to the US • Much higher level of institutional preparedness • Centrally managed system with support from local governments, the military, and public corporations vs. local-government-based system in the US • Less bureaucratic slippage and blockage • The military’s bigger role vs. militarized response

  4. Japan’s Problems • The Fukushima accident and the communication issues: • The government-TEPCO Integrated Response Officecorporate interests • Lack of crisis information from the government • Information about damages was not well shared among management

  5. Japan’s Problems 4. The government’s distrust in and blames on foreign media and governments 5. The government altered minutes of meeting

  6. Why? • Reliance on nuclear power and lack of preparedness for a nuclear crisis • “Collusion” between the government and big corporations (the iron-triangle political structure)negligence of possible disasters • “Groupism” in organizational culture

  7. Environmental Impacts • Response and Environmental impacts (Video) • http://whiv.alexanderstreet.com/View/887845/Clip/20380

  8. “Litvinenko's Murder — They Wanted to Give Up a Suspect for $7,000.”

  9. Gorbachev and his glasnost • Gorbachev and Pizza Hut http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9lvzzH0STw

  10. Glasnost (Openness) • The Chernobyl incident was a test of Gorbachev’s “glasnost” • Perestroika

  11. Political Consequences • Controversies and disputes • The Soviet authorities failed to report the accident for 48 hours. • The local authorities underestimated the scale and tried to contain it at local level. • No warnings were issued to the local population • The Ukrainian officials ordered only 10 km radius evacuation • Some villains: the plant official and local officials fled or provided false info

  12. Political Consequences • The tricky domestic politics • Blaming on the stagnation in the Brezhnev years • International image: the Soviet report to IAEA

  13. Political Consequences • The trial: the political drama • Selective glasnost • Officials as scapegoats • The Brezhnev years as scapegoats

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