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Learn about the cell cycle, differences between normal and cancer cells, effects of chemotherapy, tumor suppressor genes, and more. Understand why cancer is a major concern and how it leads to unregulated cell division.
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Cell Cycle, Cancer, & Chemotherapy Learning Objectives: • Explain the difference between normal and cancer cells. • Describe the stages of the cell cycle and what occurs during each stage. • List the three major places in the cell cycle where chemotherapy agents work. • Explain where the cell cycle has checkpoints and what these checkpoints are testing for. • Predict the effects of losing one of the checkpoints. • Understand what a tumor suppressor gene is and what an oncogene is and how they relate to checkpoint proteins. • Explain ways the cell cycle can be mis-regulated and how this leads to cancer.
Why Do We Care About Cancer? • Leading cause of death in Canada • In 2008 Cancer accounted for 30% of all the deaths that year • In 2013 Ontario will have an estimated 74,044 new cases of cancer • The total economic impact of cancer in Canada in 2009 was estimated to be 22.5 billion dollars • Taken from Cancer in Canada – Charity Intelligence Canada
The Cell Cycle G1 = Growth 1 S= DNA synthesis G2 = Growth 2
Question 1 Fighting Cancer • Death rates are lower since 1980 for all of the following female cancers, EXCEPT: • Breast • Lung • Colorectal • Uterus
Chemotherapy Treatments Work at various stages to stop an overactive cell cycle • Inhibitors of Cell Growth (Growth Factor Proteins e.g. hormones) • Inhibitors of DNA Duplication • Inhibitors of Cell Division Where, when, and how do they work?
Group Assignment: Part 1 Cell Cycle Overview On your sheet of paper, use these terms below to mark the arrows and place the pictures of the cell at different stages to create your own cell cycle diagram. Chromosome Duplication Chromosome Separation Cell Growth 2 Cell Division Cell Growth 1
Group Assignment: Part 2 Chemotherapy Agents Indicate on your diagram where the three major types of chemotherapy agents would work: Inhibitors of DNA Duplication Inhibitors of Cell Division Inhibitors of Cell Growth
Cancer is a genetic disease • Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic changes (mutations) • Most cancers have a minimum of 6-9 different genes mutated • Only 5 – 10% of Cancers are hereditary • We can inherit dispositions (susceptibility) to cancer.
Decide if you think the following statements are true (T) or false (F) Question 2 i) Cancer cells make exact copies of themselves through cell division (mitosis) T F ii) Normal cells stick together while cancer cells act independently T F iii) Normal cells self-destruct when too old; cancer cells move to another location of the body T F
Cell Division – Mitosis Blue: DNA Green: Spindle proteins Cell Division http://www.cbp.pitt.edu/faculty/yong_wan/images/main_cell_cycle.jpg
