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BIODIESEL BLENDS

BIODIESEL BLENDS. For GHG Stakeholders December 9, 2004. Soy beans are refined to separate the glycerin from the methyl esters -- both useful products. The latter (“biodiesel”) is biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur. WHAT IS IT?. 1. USES in TRANSPORTATION.

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BIODIESEL BLENDS

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  1. BIODIESEL BLENDS For GHG Stakeholders December 9, 2004

  2. Soy beans are refined to separate the glycerin from the methyl esters -- both useful products. The latter (“biodiesel”) is biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur. WHAT IS IT?

  3. 1. USES in TRANSPORTATION • Add to petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend • Blends known by % biodiesel -- eg B-5, B-10, B-20 • Can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications

  4. BIODIESEL AND GLOBAL WARMING • 1998 biodiesel lifecycle study by US DOE and USDA concluded that biodiesel reduces net CO2 emissions by 78% compared to petroleum diesel due to biodiesel’s closed carbon cycle. • CO2 released into atmosphere when biodiesel is burned is recycled by growing plants, which are later processed into fuel.

  5. BIODIESEL EMISSIONS • Using biodiesel in a diesel engine reduces unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel • Also, exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates (major components of acid rain) from biodiesel are essentially eliminated compared to diesel

  6. BIODIESEL EMISSIONS AVERAGE BIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL DIESEL, ACCORDING TO EPA Emission Type B100 B20 Regulated Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% Particulate Matter -47% -12% Nox +10% +2% Non-Regulated Sulfates -100% -20%* PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)** -80% -13% nPAH (nitrated PAH’s)** -90% -50%*** Ozone potential of speciated HC -50% -10% * Estimated from B100 result ** Average reduction across all compounds measured *** 2-nitroflourine results were within test method variability

  7. ENCOURAGING BIODIESEL • Using biodiesel for vehicle fleets • US EPA grant to 5 school districts to install pollution controls and use biodiesel • Warwick will retrofit 40+ busses w. pollution control; and use biodiesel for all 72 busses

  8. 2. USES in SPACE HEATING • Add to petroleum diesel to create a biofuel blend (“bioheat”) • Blends known by % biodiesel -- eg B-5, B-10, B-20 • Can be used in furnaces and boilers with little or no modifications, provided the % is not too high (at high BB%s, bioheat’s solvent effect can cause problems)

  9. Warwick Public School DepartmentBio-Fuel/Heating Oil Blending Project • One Year Project, 03/01 to 02/02. • Medium to Large Boilers. • Three Blends –B-10%, B-15% & B-20% • Monthly Testing Of Boiler Efficiency & Fuel Characteristics.

  10. Site Locations & Blends Control 10% - B-10 Blend 20% - B-20 Blend 15% - B-15 Blend

  11. Sampling & Analysis Photos

  12. Burner Efficiency & Emissions

  13. Thanks for Warwick slides to Robert S. CerioEnergy Educator/Manager2401 West Shore RoadWarwick, R.I. 02889401-734-3219 x 320 – 401-734-3214 fax

  14. BIOHEAT FOR HOMES • Tested in boilers and furnaces at BNL in 2001, NEFI in 2003 • Available in RI through People’s Power & Light program (US DOE grant through RISEO) • Available on conventional commercial basis from some MA oilheat dealers

  15. ENCOURAGING BIOHEAT • Retail price premium of B10 over #2 distillate is currently almost $0.20/gallon • 2-year federal tax incentive 2005/6 equates to $0.01 per percent of fuel from biodiesel ($0.005 if recycled)

  16. Options To Promote Bioheat and Biodiesel in RI? Options: • Expanding demonstration programs for buildings and fleets. • State purchases of bioheat for buildings and biodiesel for vehicles. • Consumer education and publicity • Other? How (and whom) to pursue in RIGHG process?

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