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Ch.4. Crystal Chemistry

Ch.4. Crystal Chemistry. Structure of an Atom Nucleus: neutron + proton  determine the mass of an atom Electron(s): Occupy atomic orbitals quantumized  determine the size (volume) of an atom

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Ch.4. Crystal Chemistry

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  1. Ch.4. Crystal Chemistry • Structure of an Atom • Nucleus: neutron + proton  determine the mass of an atom • Electron(s): Occupy atomic orbitalsquantumized determine the size (volume) of an atom • Atomic orbital? A function representing the probability of electron presence in space, satisfying Schrodinger equation

  2. Quantum? • An electron occupying an atomic orbital has a quantumized (having a certain quantity of) energy level • Quantum numbers • The variables determining the energy level and shape of an atomic orbital (degeneracy) • Principal (n) – energy level (shell) – n= 1, 2, 3, … • Angular (azimuthal) (ℓ) – types of orbital (subshell) – 0 ≤ ℓ ≤ n − 1 (s, p, d, f,…) • Magnetic (mℓ) – shape of the subshell - −ℓ ≤ mℓ ≤ ℓ (px, py, pz) • Spin (ms) – spin direction - +1/2, -1/2

  3. From http://djarn.edublogs.org/files/2011/01/periodic-table-2jh1745.gif

  4. From the periodic table, can you tell • Principal quantum number • Angular quantum number • Magnetic quantum number • Spin quantum number • Number of valence electrons • Alkali metals • Alkaline earths • Halogens • Noble gases • Transient elements • Rare earth elelments (REE)

  5. Shape of the atomic orbitals

  6. Aufbau principle Al13: 1s2 | 2s22p6 | 3s23p1 Si14: 1s2 | 2s22p6 | 3s23p2 K19: 1s2 | 2s22p6 | 3s23p6 | 4s1 Hybridization: Mixing of the orbitals as atoms being excited to form a bond From http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/hybrid.html From http://www.grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Hybridization

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