DESN 100: Week 4

1. DESN 100: Week 4 Brief Overview of Industrial piping Structural drafting Civil drafting HVAC Electrical Schematics

2. Industrial Process Piping

3. Definitions • Piping • Any kind of conduit used in a wide range of applications • Plumbing • Small diameter pipes that carry liquids, solids, or gases • Water • Natural gas • Waste

4. Definitions • Process piping • Transport of fluids between storage tanks and process equipment • Transportation piping • Carry products hundreds of miles • Petroleum products • Gases • Coal slurries

5. Definitions • Pipe drafting • Visualization of pipes and fittings in various orthographic and pictorial views • Double line • Single line • Most visualization problems for beginners • Isometric • Flow diagram • Schematic, non-scale diagram of system layout

6. Double- and Single-Line Drawings

7. Definitions • Piping drawing • Most complex • Scale drawing • Provides several views • Plan • Elevation • Section • All equipment, dimensions, and notes shown • Drawn from flow diagrams, manufacturer specifications, and mechanical drawings

8. Definitions • Piping isometric • Pictorial drawing • Illustrates pipe run in three dimensions • Information from piping drawings • Spool drawing • Drawn orthographically • Shows all pipe and fittings used to assemble a segment • Usually non-scale

9. Structural engineering • Associated with commercial steel and concrete buildings • Engineer components of a building or structure • Skyscrapers • Bridges

10. Definitions • Structural drafting • Independent of or cross-referenced to other drawings • Architectural • Plumbing • HVAC

11. Civil Drafting • Graticules • Two sets of grid lines • Latitude • Lines that divide the earth horizontally • Parallels • Longitude • Lines that divide the earth vertically • Meridians

12. Definitions • Prime meridian • Zero line of longitude • Runs through Greenland • Local meridians • All other meridian lines

13. Definitions • Degrees • Divided into components • Degrees • Minutes (60 minutes = 1 degree) • Seconds (60 seconds = 1 minute) • E.g., 124° 45' 12“ • Conversion to decimal degrees • 124 + (45/60) + (12/3600)

14. Definitions • Great circle • Direction around earth from a given point in relation to the latitude and longitude coordinates • Azimuth • Angle • Moving clockwise • Between meridian at the starting point and the great circle

15. Azimuth

16. Property Descriptions

17. Metes and Bounds • Length • Mete • Bearing • Bound • Primary form of legal description • 19 states, including 13 original colonies

18. Metes and Bounds

19. Rectangular System • Used in public-land states • Meridians named separately • E,g, First principal meridian • Western boundary of Ohio • Parallels are all named the same • Baseline

20. Rectangular System • Townships • Six-mile square blocks • Arranged in columns (ranges) • Divided into 36 squares (sections) • One square mile • Divided into fourths (quarters) • Divided into fourths (quarter-quarter sections) • Land description • Begins with smallest portion

21. Rectangular System

22. Lot and Block • Established from either of two other systems • Rectangular • Metes and bounds • Subdivision • Given a name • Divided into lots

23. HVAC

24. HVAC • Purpose • To provide air movement or exchange within a structure • Also known as “mechanical systems” • Residential structures • Do not require plans unless complex • Commercial structures • Use floor plan as overlap to begin mechanical systems drawings

25. HVAC Systems • Central forced-air systems • Most common for climate heating and air conditioning • Thermostat starts cycle • Fan forces air into ducts • Ducts connect to diffusers, or air supply registers • Cycle begins again

26. Central Forced-Air System

27. HVAC Systems • Refrigeration • Most common type of cooling system • Components • Evaporator / Cooling coil • Air pump / Compressor • Condenser • Expansion valve

28. HVAC Systems • Hot water system • Water circulated through radiators or convectors • Circulator moves water through system • Water kept at temperature between 150 and 180 degrees F.

29. HVAC Systems • Zoned control system • Allows for one or more heaters and one thermostat per room • Flexible • Radiant heat • Control surface temperatures • Minimize excessive air movement • Piping or wiring in ceiling or floor

30. HVAC Systems • Heat pump • Forced-air central heating and cooling • Uses compressor and circulating liquid gas refrigerant • Heat extracted from outside air and pumped inside • Acts as a dehumidifier when cooling

31. Heat Pump

32. Pollutants • Influence choice of ventilation • Types • Moisture • Carbon monoxide • Airborne pathogens • Tobacco smoke • Formaldehyde • Radon • Common household products

33. Electrical and Electronic Schematic Drafting

34. Pictorial • Represent circuit in three dimensions • Realistic • Easy to understand • Uses • Catalogs • Brochures • Service manuals • Assembly drawings

35. Pictorial

36. Schematic • Series of lines and symbols • Electrical current path • Circuit components • Types • Block • Wiring • Schematic wiring

37. Schematic

38. Block Diagram • Simplified version of schematic • Minimum detail of component • No connections at individual terminals

39. Block Diagram

40. Wiring Diagram • Shows all interconnections of system components • Referred to as point-to-point interconnecting wiring diagrams • More detailed than schematic

41. Wiring Diagram

42. Schematic Wiring Diagram • Simplicity of schematic • Completeness of wiring diagram • Circuit is series of lines and symbols • Electrical current path • Circuit components • Connection terminals shown

43. Schematic Wiring Diagram

44. Highway Wiring Diagram • Representation of point-to-point interconnecting wiring • Simplified and condensed • Uses • Fabrication • Quality control • Troubleshooting

45. Highway Wiring Diagram

46. Cable Diagram • Associated with multiconductor system • Also known as cable harness diagrams • Provide • Circuit destination • Number of leads • Conductor type • Power rating

47. Cable Diagram