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Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

Earthquakes 101 (EQ101). USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Lisa Wald and Penelope Nichols USGS Pasadena Madrona K-8. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. Global Distribution of Earthquakes. Plate Tectonics. USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Lisa Wald

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Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

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  1. Earthquakes 101 (EQ101) USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Lisa Wald and Penelope Nichols USGS Pasadena Madrona K-8 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

  2. Global Distribution of Earthquakes

  3. Plate Tectonics USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

  4. Plate Boundaries

  5. Three Types of Faults Strike-Slip Thrust Normal

  6. Strike-slip Fault Example

  7. Normal Fault Example Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquake December 16, 1954

  8. Strike-slip Fault Example 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

  9. Thrust Fault Example

  10. The San Andreas Fault

  11. Thrust Fault Example

  12. Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake Rupture on a Fault

  13. Slip on an earthquake fault START  Surface of the earth Depth Into the earth 100 km (60 miles) Distance along the fault plane

  14. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 2.0

  15. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 4.0

  16. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 6.0

  17. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 8.0

  18. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 10.0

  19. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 12.0

  20. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 14.0

  21. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 16.0

  22. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 18.0

  23. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 20.0

  24. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 22.0

  25. Slip on an earthquake faultSecond 24.0

  26. What Controls the Level of Shaking? • Magnitude • More energy released • Distance • Shaking decays with distance • Local soils • amplify the shaking

  27. Is there such a thing as “Earthquake Weather”??? No!

  28. If the earth is shaking as a result of plate movement, volcanic activity, or an explosion……Make predictions about what could happen before viewing the next slides

  29. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

  30. Earthquake Effects -Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

  31. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Loma Prieta, CA 1989 KGO-TV News ABC-7

  32. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

  33. Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

  34. Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting Landers, CA 1992

  35. Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction Source: National Geophysical Data Center Niigata, Japan 1964

  36. Earthquake Effects - Landslides Source: National Geophysical Data Center Turn again Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left inset); Santa Cruz Mtns, California , 1989

  37. Earthquake Effects - Fires Loma Prieta, CA 1989 KGO-TV News ABC-7

  38. Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis 1957 Aleutian Tsunami Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center

  39. Seismic Waves

  40. Earthquake Magnitude M5 M6 M7

  41. We can make predictions about WHERE earthquakes might occur BUT WE CAN’T YET PREDICT WHEN!

  42. Earthquake Location

  43. Pacific-North American Plate Boundary

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