Topic : Evolution Aim : Describe the various piece of evidence for evolution.

1. Topic: Evolution Aim: Describe the various piece of evidence for evolution. Do Now: Take out HW HW: Ditto – Pedigree Charts (SIDE 1)

2. Cross two heterozygous green plants. Gg X Gg Genotype Percentages: 25% homozygous dominant 50% heterozygous 25% homozygous recessive Phenotype Percentages: 75% green 25% yellow G g G G G G g G g g g g

3. The process in which DNA that is artificially combined from two different organisms is called ____________________. • 2. Combining the desirable qualities of 2 different organisms into one is referred to as _________. • The process in which humans change the genetic makeup of an organism is known as _____. • 4. The process in which genetically identical offspring are produced by using the cells of an organism is called _________.

4. Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that • contain dangerous mutations (2) contain identical genes (3) are identical in appearance and behavior (4) produce enzymes different from the parent

5. Which process is most similar to the process of cloning? • Fertilization (2) Vegetative propagation (3) Meiosis (4) Gamete formation

6. Which process could be used by breeders to develop tomatoes with a longer shelf life and to develop cows with increased milk production? • natural selection   • genetic engineering • sporulation         (4) chromatography

7. What is Evolution? Change of an organism through time

9. What is the Geologic Time Scale? History of life on Earth Earth= 4.5 billion years old

12. Organisms have evolved from least complex to most complex

13. Fossils Any trace or remains of an organism preserved by natural processes Ex:

14. Bones

15. Mold = shape preserved in rock as hollow form

16. Cast = mold filled with minerals and hardens

17. Petrifaction = remains of organism turns to stone

18. Where are fossils found? Layers of sedimentary rock

19. Law of Superposition • Older fossils/rocks in lower layers • Younger ones in upper layers

20. youngest oldest

21. youngest oldest

22. Other evidence of evolution 1.Anatomical evidence(structure)

24. 2.Embryological evidence

25. FISH REPTILE BIRD (chicken) MAMMAL (human)

26. 3.Biochemical and genetic evidence

27. What do all of these similarities suggest? • These organism evolved from a COMMON ANCESTOR

28. Let’s summarize… • Define the term evolution. • Where are fossils found? • Explain how fossils are evidence of evolution. • Identify some other pieces of evidence for evolution.

29. According to one theory, similarities in these embryos suggest common ancestry. As these embryos mature, they will most likely  (1.) develop new organs according to the nutritional requirements of each organism  (2.) show no similarity as adults  (3.) continue to closely resemble each other as adults  (4.) develop the distinctive characteristics of their species

30. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that  (1.) the fossils in layer B were formed before the fossils in layer A  (2.) modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life  (3.) vertebrate fossils are only found in sediments  (4.) the fossils in layer A must be more complex than those in layer B

31. The term "evolution" is best described as • a process of change in a population through time • a process by which organisms become extinct • the reproductive isolation of members of certain species • the replacement of one community by another

32. Which pair of structures are homologous? (1) wing of an insect and wing of a bird(2) tentacle of a hydra and flipper of a whale(3) front leg of an insect and bones in the leg of a human(4) bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of  a bat

33. A study of the position and shape of the bones in the forelimbs of a flying squirrel, a bat, and a beaver showed that the beaver and the flying squirrel appear to be most closely related. This was most likely based on a study in the field of comparative  (1.) anatomy  (2.) biochemistry  (3.) embryology  (4.) cytology

34. Two nucleotide sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these species  (1.) are evolving into the same species  (2.) contain identical DNA  (3.) may have similar evolutionary histories  (4.) have the same number of mutations

35. Which species will most likely survive changing environmental conditions? • A species with few variations • A species that reproduces sexually • A species that competes with similar species • A species that has a limited life span

36. For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have (1) developed in a common environment(2) developed from the same earlier species(3) identical genetic makeup(4) identical methods of obtaining food

37. The first life-forms to appear on Earth were most likely • complex single-celled organisms (2) complex multicellular organisms (3) simple single-celled organisms (4) simple multicellular organisms