Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)

1. Myers’ EXPLORINGPSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Therapy

2. History of Treatment

3. Therapy • ___________________ • an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

4. Therapy • Single Orientation Approach • An approach to psychotherapy that uses a single theoretical framework, or paradigm by which therapy is performed. • ______________ Approach • an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

5. Theories in Psycho-therapy • Psychoanalysis • Humanistic Therapy • Behavioral Therapy • Cognitive Therapy • ______________ Therapy • Post-Modern Therapy • Solution Focused Therapy

6. Therapy- Psychoanalysis • ______________________ • Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences – and the therapist’s interpretations of them – released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight • use has rapidly decreased in recent years

7. Therapy- Psychoanalysis • Defense Mechanisms • A psychological/behavioral strategy that aims to protect oneself from psychological harm • See Handout • Interpretation • the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight • ________________________ • the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships • e.g. love or hatred for a parent

8. Humanistic Therapy • Client-Centered Therapy • humanistic therapy developed by ________________ • therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth • his techniques are incorporated into almost all forms of therapy today

9. Humanistic Therapy • _________ Listening-empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

10. Behavior Therapy • Behavior Therapy • therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors • Counterconditioning • procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors • based on classical conditioning • includes systematic desensitization

11. Behavior Therapy • Exposure Therapy • treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or reality) to the things they fear and avoid

12. Behavior Therapy • Systematic Desensitization • type of counterconditioning • associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli • commonly used to treat ______________

13. Behavior Therapy • Systematic Desensitization

14. Behavior Therapy • _____________ Economy • an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior • patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats • Sticker charts • Happy face charts

15. Behavior Therapy

16. The Big Question • What come first thinking or feeling?

17. Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Therapy • teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting • based on the assumption that ___________ intervene between events and our ____________ • Aaron Beck & Albert Ellis

18. Cognitive Therapy • A cognitive perspective on psychological disorders

19. Cognitive Therapy • Event • Imagine that you and your partner have gone out to dinner. You have a wonderful romantic dinner at a fancy French restaurant. As your partner reaches into their wallet or purse, they accidentally drop a small piece of paper on the floor. You pick up the paper and it reads • “Call Me- I need to see you tonight- Terri 555-5555”

20. Family Therapies • Family Therapy • treats the family as a ___________ • views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members • attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication

21. Post Modern Therapy • New approaches to treating problems • Solution Focused Therapy • Focus on solutions, not problems • There is no “digging” for explanations • Therapist focuses on client’s __________ and _________________ • Therapist does not take an expert stance • Focus language away from problem saturated talk • VIDEO

22. Number of persons Average untreated person Average psychotherapy client Poor outcome Good outcome _____________ of untreated people have poorer outcomes than average treated person Evaluating Psychotherapies

23. Who do you turn to for help? • To whom do people turn for help for psychological difficulties?

24. Mental Health Professionals • Clinical __________________ • Most are psychologists with a Ph.D. or a PsyD and expertise in research, assessment, and therapy, supplemented by a supervised internship • About half work in agencies and institutions, half in private practice

25. Mental Health Professionals • Clinical Social Worker • A two-year Master of Social Work graduate program plus postgraduate supervision prepares some social workers to offer psychotherapy, mostly to people with everyday personal and family problems

26. Mental Health Professionals • Therapists and Counselors • Marriage and family therapist specialize in problems arising from family relations • Pastoral counselors provide counseling to countless people • Abuse counselors work with substance abusers and with spouse and child abusers and their victims

27. Mental Health Professionals • Psychiatrists • Physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders • Not all psychiatrists have had extensive training in psychotherapy, but as M.D.s they can __________________. Thus, they tend to see those with the most serious problems • Many have a private practice

28. Drug Therapies • ______________________ • study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior • has increasingly become the predominant form of treatment for psychological disorder • often drug therapies are combined with psychotherapy to produce more effective results

29. Common Therapeutic Drugs • Prozac • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (______)’s • Prescribed for depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and bulimia • _________________ • A stimulant • Prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

30. Common Therapeutic Drugs • Xanax • Anti-anxiety medication • Prescribed for various anxiety disorders • Zyprexa • Anti-psychotic medication • Prescribed to treat psychotic symptoms of various disorders including schizophrenia

31. Drug Therapies

32. Drug Therapies

33. Biomedical Therapies • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient • still used today • Psychosurgery • surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior • lobotomy • now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

34. Electroconvulsive Therapy