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The Nervous System

The Nervous System. D. In the Beginning …. Germinal layers: Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Neural Ectoderm The Neural Plate Neural Tube and Neural Crest. Skin and Brain. Connective Tissues. Inner Tubes. Neural Plate (~day 16). Neural Groove and Folds. Neural Crests.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System D

  2. In the Beginning …. • Germinal layers: • Ectoderm • Mesoderm • Endoderm • Neural Ectoderm • The Neural Plate • Neural Tube and Neural Crest Skin and Brain Connective Tissues Inner Tubes

  3. Neural Plate (~day 16)

  4. Neural Groove and Folds

  5. Neural Crests

  6. Sinking into the Mesoderm

  7. Neural Crest Neurulation!

  8. The Neural Tube Development Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon Spinal Portion

  9. The Neural Tube Development Telencephalon - Lateral Ventricles Diencephalon - Third Ventricle Mesencephalon - Cerebral Aqueduct Metencephalon - Fourth Ventricle Mylencephalon - Fourth Ventricle and Central Canal Spinal Portion - Central Canal

  10. R o s t r a l Dorsal Superior P o s t e r i o r A n t e r i o r Caudal Dorsal Ventral Inferior The Neural Axis

  11. Lateral Lobes • Frontal • Parietal • Occipital • Temporal • Limbic • Insular

  12. Brain, Brainstem, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord

  13. Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain • Forebrain (Prosencephalon) • Cerebral Hemispheres • Deep Cerebral Nuclei • Diencephalon • Midbrain (Mesencephalon) • Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) • Pons (Metencephalon) • Medulla (Myelencephalon) • Cerebellum

  14. Cerebrum Sulci Central Sulcus Gyrus Third Ventricle Parietal Lobe Lateral Ventricle Corpus Callosum Choroid Plexus Occipital Lobe Frontal Lobe Thalamus Inter mediate Mass of the Thalamus Pineal Gland Mid Brain Hypothalamus Mid Brain Optic Chiasma Pituitary Gland Cerebellum Temporal Lobe Fourth Ventricle Pons Choroid Plexus Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Spinal Cord

  15. Cerebral Hemispheres • Cerebral Cortex • Grey Matter • White matter • Corpus Callosum • Deep Cerebral Nuclei • Caudate • Putamen • Globus Pallidus • Claustrum • Internal Capsule • Thalamus • Hypothalamus

  16. Principle Brain Arteries

  17. Key Blood Vessels That Supply Blood To The Brain: • Vertebral Arteries --------- transfer oxygen- ated blood from the subclavian arteries, up through the transverse foraminae of the cervical vertebrae and to the basilar artery of the brain. • Basilar Artery -------------- transfers oxygenated blood from the vertebral arteries to the circle of Willis of the brain.

  18. Brain Blood Vessels Continued • Internal Carotid Arteries -- transfer oxygen- ated blood from the common carotid arteries of the neck to the circle of Willis. • Circle of Willis ------------- transfers oxygenated blood from incoming arteries to deep internal arteries of the brain.

  19. The Blood Brain Barrier • A special arrangement of capillaries surrounded by connective tissue and processes of special brain glial cells called astrocytes. • This type of structural organization selectively determines which substances can move from the blood plasma to the extracellular fluid (ECF) of the brain.

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