ROMANIAN HISTORY

1. ROMANIAN HISTORY • Romania is the perfect land of contrasts and paradoxes: the country of Constantin Brancusi, Eugene Ionesco, Emil Cioran, Mircea Eliade, and Nadia Comaneci, but also of Dracula and Nicolae Ceausescu. The Old World of Romania is a vast museum of ancient heritage and still alive even if only through its famous painted churches and monasteries, its folk art, or its feudal castles in the Carpathian Mountains. The New World may be embodied by the Parliament Palace and the subway network in Bucharest, or by the Western styles of life adopted by Romania's townsfolk.

2. THE GETO DACIANS • The Romanian are was populated in the Ancient Times by Greek–like or Geto dacians-like people . • For the first time they where mentioned by the Greek historian, Herodotus ,who appreciated them and said that they where “the bravest and the right of all Tracs”

3. ROMANIAN ETHNOGENETICS • Romanian people are of latin orgin like Italians,French,being the only Roman people from the East-Europe. • The intense process of Romanization stamped a lasting mark on the language of the Romanian people, on their name, conscience and culture. The Romanian people's formation relied on two basic ethnic elements, namely the Geto-Dacians, and the Romans, who superposed, with a minor Slavic adjustment.

4. ROMANIAN STATES IN THE MIDDLE AGE

5. ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES UNION

6. THE CONQUER OF INDEPENDENCE • On May 9, 1877, the Assembly of Deputies, synthesising the aspirations of the Romanian people, proclaimed independence, with foreign minister Mihail Kogalniceanu making the decision known to the world. Romania's independence was further consolidated by the country's military involvement, alongside Russia and the Balkan peoples, in the anti-Ottoman war of 1877 - 1878. A Romanian army crossed the Danube and participated in the siege of Pleven and Vidin

7. THE UNION FROM 1918 • In 1918, Romania's political unity, based on the principles of peoples' right to self-determination, was completed. • At the end of World War I Romania remade its national teritory by the union with Romanian teritories under Russian and Austrian leading (Transilvania,Bucovina, Basarabia)

8. ROMANIA`S TERRITORY DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II • The deterioration of international situation, the outbreak of the Second World War (1939) seriously hit Romania, as the big totalitarian powers broke her territorial integrity. In 1940, in the wake of ultimatums addressed to the Romanian Government, the Soviet Union occupied Basarabia and the North of Bucovina, while Germany and Italy decided by the Vienna Award that the Northern part of Transylvania be ceded by Romania to Hungary. The Kadrilater, Southern part of Dobrogea, was ceded to Bulgaria.

9. THE COMMUNISTE REGIME • After 1948, Romania entered the network of Soviet satellite countries. Soviet-style nationalisation and collectivisation followed the communist take-over. Industrial entreprises, mines, banks and transport facilities became subject to a planned economy. In 1951, five year plans were introduced to develop industry and agriculture. But in the 1960s, under the leadership of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and his successor, Nicolae Ceausescu, the Communist Party of Romania began to implement a foreign policy independent of Soviet goals. • The populace was controlled by the secret police (Securitate) and the government, dominated by Ceausescu's family, squandered much of the nation's remaining wealth on megalomaniac constructions and feasts. For nearly 25 years, Ceausescu's regime slowly dragged the Romanians into an economic, social and moral deadlock.

10. THE REVOLUTION FROM 1989 • When communist regimes across Eastern Europe fell in 1989, Ceausescu resisted the trend and reassessed his unpopular policies. All these things and many more heightened popular discontent and triggered the forced overthrow of the dictatorial regime in December 1989. In mid-December of that year, however, antigovernment demonstrations erupted in the country's cities, and, when the Romanian army joined the uprising against him, Ceausescu fled. He was arrested by the new provisional government, tried and executed (December 25, 1989). • The revolution from 1989 represented the begining of a slow proces but also followed by the hardships of transition to democracy an to market economy.

11. THE RETURN TO DEMOCRACY • Today the Romanian society is considered to have appropriated most of the democratic values . • The political parties alternate to govern country • A formed civil society • The norms of the Law State are respected. • The legislative system is according to a democratic society. • It has a functional market. • In 2003 ,Romania was accepted in N.A.T.O. And make all the efforts to integrate in European structures.

12. PELES CASTLE • Located in Sinaia (44 km from Brasov), Peles Castle is one of Romania's most important museums in the country since it was the final resting place for several Romanian monarchs including King Carol I, who died here in 1914. • The building of the castle begin in 1873 under the direct order of the Viennese architect Wilhem Doderer and was continued in 1876 by his assistant, Johann Schultz de Lemberg. During 1877-1879 because of the war they abandoned work. That's why the castle was inaugurated only on October 7, 1883. To the initial castle the Czech architect, Karel Liman added, during 1896-1914, Pelisor, a small castle with 70 rooms.

13. ROMANIAN MONUMENTS