电气工程及其自动化 专业英语

1. 苏小林 顾雪平 主编 电气工程及其自动化专业英语 主讲人：张新慧 Tel：13561619726Email：zhxh626@163.com

2. Chapter 4Electric Machinery 2

3. Text Translation Exercises Translation Skills Section 1 Principle of Operation of an Inductive Machine New Words And Phrases Notes 3

4. New Words And Phrases induction machine 感应电机 horseshoe n. 马蹄形，U形；马蹄铁 magnet n. 磁铁，磁石，磁体 horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁 eddy n. 涡流，涡旋 permanent magnet 永久磁铁 perpendicular a. （与……）垂直的；直立的；n. 垂直，正交，竖直 magnetic field 磁场 slip n. 滑差（率），转差（率） winding n. 绕组 4

5. New Words And Phrases stator n. 定子，静子，静片 rotor n. 转子 exciting voltage 励磁电压 laminated a. 叠片的，分层的，薄片的 lamination n. 叠片，冲片；分层；薄片 punching n. 冲压，穿孔 bar n. 线棒，导条；条，杆 slot n. 槽；缝隙 braze v. 铜焊，钎焊 solder n. 焊料，接合物；v. 焊，焊接 5

6. New Words And Phrases short-circuiting a. 使短路的 ring n. 环 squirrel cage 鼠笼 core n. 铁芯；心，核心 coil n. 线圈，绕组 random-wound 散绕 form-wound 模绕 insulation n. 绝缘 6

7. Notes • With the hand in this position, the first finger is pointed in the direction of the field, the thumb is in the direction of motion of the relative motion of the conductor, and the second finger is the direction of the induced voltage. • 手处于这样的位置时（拇指、食指和中指相互垂直），食指指向磁场的方向，拇指的方向是导体对磁体的相对运动方向，而中指所指的方向即感应电压的方向。 7

8. Notes 2. Whereas the copper disk will rotate in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field, it will never reach the same speed as the rotating magnet, because if it did, there would be no relative motion between the two and therefore no current induced in the copper disk. 尽管铜盘的旋转方向与旋转磁场的方向相同，但是它永远不会达到与旋转磁铁的速度相同，因为如果铜盘的旋转速度与旋转磁铁的速度相同，那么二者之间就没有相对运动，因而也不能在铜盘中感应出电流。 8

9. Notes 3. In practical machines this rotating magnetic field is achieved by a combination of a space displacement of the winding and a time-phase displacement of the exciting voltage. 在实际的电机中，旋转磁场是通过空间上交替布置的绕组和时间相位上相互交替的励磁电压来实现的。 9

10. Notes 4. The sizes at which the transition between cast-aluminum and copper rotors takes place varies among rotor manufacturers, but virtually all rotors in motor sizes of several thousand horsepower and above are built with bar-type rotors. 尽管不同转子生产厂家铸铝式转子和铜转子的过渡规格不同，但是实际上几千马力及以上规格的电动机的转子都是导条型转子。 10

11. Notes 5. These coils are made with round wire, which is wound into the stator slots and assumes a diamond shape in the end turns; however, the wires are randomly located within a given coil, and hence the name “random-wound”. 这些线圈由圆形导线构成，将它们绕到定子的槽内且在末匝呈现菱形；不过，在指定的线圈内导线是随机排列的，因此这样的绕线形式称为散绕。 11

12. Notes 6. These coils are constructed from rectangular wire, which is bent into shape around forms and then taped. The coil is formed to the proper size so that the complete coil can be inserted into the stator slots at the time the stator is wound. 这些线圈采用矩形截面的导线构成，将它们弯曲成型后缠上绝缘带。在制作定子绕组时，线圈被做成适当的尺寸，以便将整个线圈放置入定子槽内。 12

13. Text Translation Exercises Translation Skills Section 2 Performance Characteristics of Induction Motors New Words And Phrases Notes 13

14. New Words And Phrases performance characteristics 工作特性 air-gap 气隙 polyphase n. ;a. 多相，多相的 motoring n. ;a. 电动机运行 plugging 反向制动，反相序制动控制 generating n. ;a. 发电机运行 synchronous speed 同步速 breakdown torque 失步转矩，停转转矩 locked-rotor torque 止转转矩，起动转矩 14

15. New Words And Phrases breakaway n. 起步，起动；分离，脱离 breakaway force 起动力 rated a. 额定的，标称的；计算的，设计的 full-load a. 满载的 overhauling a. 检修的，大修的 prime mover 原动机 induction generator 感应发电机，异步发电机 wind-driven generator 风力发电机 inrush current 涌流 15

16. Notes 1. Fig. 4-3 displays the speed-torque and speed-current curves for a polyphase induction motor and shows for these curves the three regions of major interest: motoring, plugging, and generating. 图4-3 显示出多相感应电动机的转速力矩特性曲线和转速电流曲线，并示出这些曲线中最为感兴趣的三个区域，即电动机区、反向制动区和发电机区。 16

17. Notes 2. Synchronous speed, defined in Eq.(4-2) and designated as Ns in Fig.4-3, is the speed at which the rotor is revolving in synchronism with the rotating magnetic fields generated by the stator windings, and there is therefore no rotor current and no electrically generated torque. 如公式4-2所定义及图4-3所标明的同步转速Ns是指转子转动的速度与由定子绕组产生的旋转磁场的速度相同时的速度，因此在同步转速时转子中无电流也不产生电气转矩。 17

18. Notes 3. The locked-rotor torque TL in Fig. 4-3 is the torque produced by the motor at zero speed and is important because this is the torque that must overcome any breakaway forces imposed by the load. 图4-3中的锁定转子转矩是电机在零转速时产生的，由于它必须克服由负载带来的任何起步阻力，因此非常重要。 18

19. Notes 4. Slips in the region between zero speed and synchronous speed NS range between 1.0 at zero speed and 0 at synchronous speed. 零转速时的转差率为1.0，而在同步NS 时的转差率为0。 19

20. Notes 5. This region is also characterized by a maximum torque point, also called breakdown torque, and in general the breakdown torque in the generating region exceeds TBD in the motoring region. 这个区域也有一个最大转矩点，也称为停转转矩，一般来说，在发电机运行区域的停转转矩要大于电动机运行区的停转转矩TBD。 20

21. Notes 6. This leading excitation can be supplied from the power system if the motor is connected to such a system, or it can be provided by capacitors of appropriate value connected across the motor terminals. 如果电动机与电力系统相连，那么超前励磁就由电力系统提供，超前励磁也可由跨接在电动机两端的适当数值的电容器提供。 21

22. Notes 7. In recent years, induction generators have found application as wind-driven generators; they are connected to a power line and deliver power to the system whenever wind velocities reach a certain minimum value. 近年来，感应发电机应用于风力驱动发电机，它们与电力线路相连，只要风速达到能驱动发电机发电的某一最小值即为电力系统输送电能。 22

23. Text Translation Exercises Translation Skills Section 3 Synchronous Machines New Words And Phrases Notes 23

24. New Words And Phrases synchronous machine 同步发电机 armature n. 电枢 armature winding 电枢绕组 field winding 励磁绕组，磁极绕组 quantitative a. 量的，数量的，定量的 salient a. 凸出的，凸的，突出的 salient pole 凸极 saturation n. 饱和，饱和度 cylindrical-rotor 隐极式转子，鼓极转子 steam-turbine-driven generator 汽轮发电机 Y-connected windings 星形连接绕组 24

25. New Words And Phrases turbine generator 涡轮发电机，汽轮发电机，水轮发电机 cps=cycles per second 周/秒，赫 rpm=revolutions per minute 转/分 steam turbine 汽轮机 rating n. 额定值，额定参数；标称值，定额 efficiency n. 效率 wedge n. 楔（形），楔形物，槽楔；v. 楔进，斜楔 concentric coil 同心线圈 slip ring 滑环 lead n. 导线，导管，引线；铅；v. 超前， 导前，引导 25

26. New Words And Phrases carbon brush 碳刷 mmf=magnetomotive force 磁动势 step wave 阶跃波 diameter n. 直径 vibration n. 振荡 field current 励磁电流 exciter n. 励磁机 shaft n. 轴 regulation n. 调节 stability n. 稳定性，稳定 ventilation n. 通风，换气，通风装置 flux n. 通量，磁力线 26

27. Notes 1. At synchronous speed, the rotating magnetic field created by the armature currents travels at the same speed as the field created by the field current, and a steady torque results. 在同步转速下，由电枢电流产生的旋转磁场与由场电流产生的磁场的旋转速度相同，并且产生一个稳态转矩。 27

28. Notes 2. They are usually 3-phase Y-connected windings, and voltages of above 13800volts, line to line, are common in sizes above several thousand kilowatts. （隐机式转子）电枢绕组通常是三相星形接法，线电压在13800伏特以上的其功率通常在几千瓦以上。 28

29. Notes 3. Because of the economies of high-speed high-temperature high-pressure steam turbines, much study and some real pioneering work have been developed to improvements in materials and design of both generators and turbines, and the maximum ratings for which 3600-rpm machines have been built have approximately doubled before the decade. 由于高速高温高压汽轮机的经济性，许多研究和一些富有开拓性的工作已改进了发电机和汽轮机的材料与设计，3600转/分电机的最大容量较十年前已接近翻一番。 29

30. Notes 4. They usually consist of concentric coils of insulated copper strap laid flat in the slots. The rotor coil ends and ends connections are firmly held in place by retaining rings shrunk on over the ends of the coils. The leads are connected to slip rings which make contact with carbon brushes through which the field current is introduced. 励磁绕组通常由平放在槽内并加以绝缘的铜排而形成的同心线圈所组成。转子线圈端接部分被热套在其上面的护环所固定。引线连至滑环，滑环与碳刷相接触，通过碳刷引入励磁电流。 30

31. Notes 5. The cooling problem in electrical apparatus in general increases in difficulty with increasing size, because the surface area from which the heat must be carried away increases roughly as the square of the dimensions, while the heat developed by the losses is roughly proportional to the volume and therefore increase approximately as the cube of the dimensions. 一般来说，电气设备冷却问题的难度随着其外形尺寸的增加而增加，因为其散热时的表面积大约随着其尺寸的平方的增加而增加，而由损耗产生的热量大约与其体积成正比从而近似地随其尺寸的立方的增加而增加。 31

32. Text Translation Exercises Translation Skills Section 4 Transformer New Words And Phrases Notes 32

33. New Words And Phrases transformer n. 变压器 wrap v.; n. 包裹，包扎，缠绕，卷 ferromagnetic core 铁磁芯 primary winding 一次绕组，原绕组，初级绕组 secondary winding 二次绕组，副绕组，次级绕组 tertiary winding 三次绕组，第三绕组 power transformer 电力变压器 core form 铁芯式 shell form 壳式 innermost a. 最内部的，最里面的，最深处的 leakage flux 漏磁通 33

34. New Words And Phrases unit transformer 单元（机组）变压器 substation transformer 配电变压器 distribution transformer 配电变压器 potential transformer 电压互感器 current transformer 电流互感器 copper loss 铜耗 hysteresis loss 磁滞损耗，磁滞损失 reluctance n. 磁阻 self-inductance 自感应 core-loss 铁芯损耗 34

35. Notes 1. Power transformer are constructed on one of two types of cores. One type of construction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the transformer windings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle. 电力变压器的铁芯分为两类。一类是由变压器绕组缠绕在一个简单的矩形钢片叠成的铁芯两边而构成。 2. The second type of special transformer is a device designed to provide a secondary current much smaller than but directly proportional to its primary current. 第二类特种变压器是专门用以提供比一次侧电流小得多却正比于一次电流的二次电流。 35

36. Notes 3. The magnetization current im is a current proportional (in the unsaturated region ) to the voltage applied to the core, and lagging the applied voltage by 90°, so it can be modeled by a reactance Xm connected across the primary voltage source. 磁化电流im正比于作用于铁芯的电压，并滞后该电压90°，因此可以采用并联于初级电压源的电抗Xm来建模。 36