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Renewable Fuels, I‘d like you to meet Climate Change

Renewable Fuels, I‘d like you to meet Climate Change. Today‘s corn to ethanol model . Today‘s Technology . amylase. yeast fermentation. 134 corn ethanol plants in 2006 (77 under construction/expanding) 4.9 billion gallons in 2006. 14 days at 388 million gallons a day. Tomorrow.

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Renewable Fuels, I‘d like you to meet Climate Change

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  1. Renewable Fuels, I‘d like you to meet Climate Change

  2. Today‘s corn to ethanol model

  3. Today‘s Technology amylase yeast fermentation • 134 corn ethanol plants in 2006 (77 under construction/expanding) • 4.9 billion gallons in 2006 • 14 days at 388 million gallons a day

  4. Tomorrow

  5. Why all the fuss about renewable fuels?

  6. Energy security

  7. Changing global dynamics

  8. Achieving balance between goals Ethanol production costs (2006) From corn, US $1.03 per gallon From sugarcane, Brazil $0.81 per gallon $0.54

  9. And Now Climate Change...... In a hushed conference hall, as envoys from 186 nations looked on, the world‘s lone superpower took a tongue-lashing....

  10. On November 14, 2007, Governor Jennifer M. Granholm issued Executive Order No. 2007-42 establishing the Michigan Climate Action Council (Council)…..  Advise state and local government on measures to address climate change. Who cares about climate change?

  11. On December 19, 2007, President George Bush signed the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007…..  Cellulosic biofuels....achieve a 60 percent GHG emission reduction.....

  12. Conservative Christians care

  13. Corporate Social Responsibility The Carbon Disclosure Project: Collect data on corporate behavior, broker converstions between companies and shareholders

  14. One key driver: Carbon emissions Rogers and many other executives are convinced the United States is likely to join Europe in placing limits on carbon dioxide omissions The rising expectation of mandatory carbon caps is reviving interest in ... alternative fuels. Rogers: “the science says we need to act“ Jim Rogers, CEO January 12, 2007 NEW YORK - Oil major Exxon Mobil Corp. is engaging in industry talks on possible U.S. greenhouse gas emissions regulations and has stopped funding groups skeptical of global warming claims

  15. Uncertainty about carbon regulation: a key motivator amylase yeast fermentation + CO 2

  16. Unintended Consequences

  17. Food and Fuel The push to produce biofuels as an alternative to hydrocarbons is further straining food supplies, especially in the U.S., where generous subsidies for ethanol have lured thousands of farmers away from growing crops for food.

  18. Environmental Conflicts ABA estimates that as much as one-third of the farm land idled through the CRP could be returned to production without sacrificing environmental goals. --American Bakers Association The bottom line is that when the core of the duck factory becomes a corn factory, nesting habitat and wetlands disappear, and ducks lose. --Ducks Unlimited

  19. Turning up the flame The Clean Energy Scam: Time Magazine, March 27, 2008 Use of U. S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land Use Change: Science Magazine, February 29, 2008 The argument goes like this……

  20. Tropical rainforest to soybean Years to repay the biofuel carbon debt Grassland to corn Tropical grassland to soybean Abandoned cropland to cellulose

  21. Millions of hectares Total Amazon Pastures Farmland Sugarcane Land Use in Brazil

  22. The U. S. Renewable Fuels Standard Corn to ethanol Cellulose to biofuel Total renewable fuels Billion gallons

  23. Abandoned farmland

  24. Cellulose from natural forests • millions of acres of trees • harvest one-third • inputs? • food vs fuel • but there will be challenges

  25. Proper Environmental Practices

  26. Fitting into current systems Federal State Private

  27. Transportation and storage of nondense energy • 3,000 tons of biomass a day • 182 semis a day, 360 days a year • One every 8 minutes, 24 hours/day

  28. Intelligent, economic use of byproducts

  29. The Future: Biofuels and climate change? The public opinion Ménage à trois: Fuels, food, climate On Thursday (6 March), the UK government's chief scientific advisor, Professor John Beddington, warned : “Some of the biofuels are hopeless. The idea that you cut down rainforest to actually grow biofuels seems profoundly stupid.” "Governments need to look more carefully at the link between the acceleration in biofuels and food supply and give more thought" to biofuels policy, Sheeran said. "This land could be better used."

  30. The Future: Biofuels and climate change? Sticking to it maybe?

  31. The Importance of Sticking to It Brazilian ethanol Gasoline in Rotterdam Energy C0st ($ per gJ) 1980 1990 2000 -- Goldemberg, 2003

  32. The Future: Biofuels and climate change? The vagaries of policy Another type of fuel X Ethanol production costs (2006) From corn, US $1.03 per gallon From sugarcane, Brazil $0.81 per gallon $0.54 another crop

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