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Introducing XML

Introducing XML. Maria Esteva DLSD General Libraries May 2004. XML. Rules to build a mark-up language Open standard Unicode Preserves the purity of the content It is human readable Content and metadata Facilitates storing, exchanging,managing,preserving data. XML basic components.

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Introducing XML

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  1. Introducing XML Maria Esteva DLSD General Libraries May 2004

  2. XML • Rules to build a mark-up language • Open standard • Unicode • Preserves the purity of the content • It is human readable • Content and metadata • Facilitates storing, exchanging,managing,preserving data

  3. XML basic components • Prolog <?xml version=“1.0”?> • Elements <note><message>the message</message></note> • Attributes <note type=“post-it” id=“21.2” n=“ 2” place=“upper left”>

  4. XML syntax • Boundaries <note> </note> • Roles <name> </name> • Positions <title> </title> <p> </p> • Nesting <note> <salutation>Hello<name>Mark,</name></salutation> <message><p>I will see you tomorrow</p></message> <farewell>Bye and <emph>Good luck to you! <emph></farewell> <signature><name>Maria</name></signature> </note> • Relationships <xlinks> outside/inside the document <xpointers> inside the hierarchy of the document

  5. XML rules • An element containing text or other elements must have start and end tags • An empty element’s tag must have a / before the end bracket <pb n=“100”/> • Nested elements may not overlap <note><message>this is the message</message> </note> • All attribute values must be in quotes <title type=“sub”>An Introduction</title>

  6. XML tools • Editors and parsers • Cooktop FREE • Xmetal • Latest Microsoft Office • Web browsers • Internet Explorer • Mozilla • Opera • Style-sheets

  7. Let’s try and mark-up! • Consider the structure of your text • Choose element names that make sense • Think about what you would like to have indexed for that piece

  8. Something simple <?xml version="1.0"?> <Dialogue> <speaker> <name>Jo Anne:</name> </speaker> <line>I told you many times that I don’t want to move to <state>Arizona!</state> </line> <speaker> <Gendermale>Joseph:</Gendermale> </speaker> <line>But my dear, <emph>we will make a new life there…</emph> </line> <speaker>Jo Anne:</speaker> <line> <desperate>The weather in Phoenix is <emph>so</emph> dry, the humidity is always below <percentage>20%</percentage> </desperate> </l> </Dialogue>

  9. Why DTDs and schemas? Define rules to produce similarly structured documents • DTD: Defines structure elements and attributes of xml documents • Schema: Successor of the DTD,defines structure, content, and semantics of xml documents

  10. XML et al.. • Prolog <?xml version=“1.0”?> • Namespaces <DC xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> • Notations <!NOTATION JPEG PUBLIC 'ISO DIS 10918//NOTATION JPEG Graphics Format//EN'> • Entities <!ENTITY author-b-003-f SYSTEM “author-b-003-f.jpg" NDATA JPG> <!ENTITY author “Jonas Smith”> <body><p> &author decided to write using the point of view of a child. While &author was not convinced of the ……</p></body>

  11. Some examples • TEI • EAD • BUILDING your own DTDs / results • METS

  12. DTDs and schemas at DLSD • TEI Text Encoding Initiative • Header • Content • MODSMetadata Object Description Schema • DCDublin Core • EADEncoding Archival Description • MIXMetadata for Images in XML Schema • METSMetadata Encoding and Transmission Standard

  13. XML the end Bibliography Ray, E. (2001).Learning XML. O’ Reilly Acknowledgments Jennifer Lee Loretta Acevedo Aaron Choate Uri Kolodney

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