英文论文撰写 与 国外英文期刊投稿

1. 英文论文撰写与国外英文期刊投稿 刘梦

2. 主要内容 • 英文文章评判标准 • 英文写作规范 • 面向外国读者 • 投稿伦理 • 投稿须知 • 范文

3. 文章评判标准 • 学术价值(创新性) • 应用价值 • 学理根据与观点之正确性 • 文章组织结构 • 研究方法之严谨性 • 题目合宜 • 文章长度恰当 • 格式正确 • 用词的正确性及文章的流畅度

4. 英文论文架构 • 标题及作者: Title and authors • 摘要: Abstract • 简介: Introduction • 文献回顾Literature Review) • 研究方法（methodology) • 研究发现(findings) • 结论 (conclusion) • 参考文献(references)

5. 论文写作建议顺序 • 决定题目 • 文献回顾 • 问题描述 • 研究方法 • 研究结果 • 引言 • 摘要 • 文献

6. 如何确定题目 • 10-15字 • 能立即呈现研究的目的及贡献 • 1）单标题：Aging and Gender, Feminist Theory, and Social Work Practice Concerns • 2）双标题：Responding to Oppression and Abuse: A Feminist Challenge to Clinical Social Work

7. 文章题目 • Rebellion and revenge: the meaning of suicide of women in rural China • Counseling with rural battered women in China: Individual-centered or Family-centered • Self-Concept of Chinese Women and the Indigenization of Social Work in China

8. 题目 • Short 简洁 • •Specific 明确 • Eye-catching 醒目 • Descriptive words 描述性语言

9. 引言 • Research Situation 科研现状 • What are the key problems now 目 前的关键问题 • How we tackled the problems 如何 解决问题 • Assess the effectiveness of the research 评估研究成果

10. 摘要 • 内容：简介的浓缩版 • 字数：200-300字 • 包含 • 研究动机 • 研究目的（问题的描述） • 研究方法（概念性的描述） • 研究成果（实验结果及贡献）

11. 文献回顾 • 避免尝试改写中文版的相关研究，直接重写会比较快。 • 先找好10-20篇最近十年相关的文献。 • 挑选2-3篇最直接相关的文献，参考其literature review的内容，来描述问题的形成动机。 • 再参考其它文献的Abstract描述，依年代分段叙述最近十年的发展状况，约1000-1500字

12. 研究方法 • 研究方法 • 说明方法的来源及过去的应用 • 说明方法的理念及细节 • 说明方法如何套用到目前的问题

13. 结果呈现 • Clarity and brevity: display of data with logical development showing how your findings satisfy your objectives 简明扼要，合理展示数据，并能证明研究结果与目的一致 • Number should be meaningful (where possible give illustrative examples and compare those with known results from literature) 数据 要有意义，如必要可与文献中数据做对比 • Use appropriate statistics, error analysis, check for accuracy and internal consistency 合理运用统计，误差分析；检察数据的准确性和一致性 • Pay considerable attention to best way to present data (use tables and figures) 合理运用图表

14. 结论 • Be rigorous about conclusions 结论需严格客观 • Summarize evidence supporting each conclusion 总结实验结果支持结论 • Discuss problems, uncertainties regarding your work 讨论该研究存在的问题及不确定性 Compare your findings with other studies 对比其他人的研究结果 • Theoretical or practical implications, importance 理论或实际的应用及其重要性

15. 参考文献 • 按照杂志的要求 • ＡＰＡ

16. 面对外国读者 • 要充分了解国际读者在哪些方面缺乏相关的背景知识 • 提供足够的文化、社会、政治背景 • 改变中文的写作逻辑和方式，少用第一人称（我，或我们），多用被动句或者第三人称（笔者，作者们） • 熟悉国际学术界的话语系统 • 善用介词和连词

17. 撰写秘诀 • Write your manuscript so that it tells a clear story –itmust have a purpose 论文目的清楚明确 • You want people to learn about your work –make iteasy for them 论文内容通俗易懂 • Make it easy for reviewers and editors 论文格式便于编辑和审稿人阅读评审 • Use the spell checker and grammar checker 使用拼写检查和语法检查来避免拼写和语法错误 • Make neat breaks between pages and sections 合理使用分页和分节

18. 投稿伦理 • Duplicate publication 重复发表 • • Authorship issues 著作权问题 • • Lack of ethics approval, inadequate informed • consent 缺乏道德许可 • • Falsification of data 伪造数据 • • Plagiarism 剽窃 • • Unethical experimentation 进行不道德实验

19. 投稿伦理 • Represent authorship truthfully (not too much, nottoo little, and justify if needed) 合理的添加作者 • Declare all source material陈述所有的原始资料 • Submit article to one journal only只投稿给一个期刊

20. 投稿伦理 • Submit only relevant material 只提供相关的资料 Declare potential conflicts of interest 揭示潜在的利益冲突 • • Be prepared to hand over research data for • verification 保留数据以备检验

21. 投稿前的准备 • Make more effort to improve the quality of the paper • Send paper to conference • Present and discuss paper in different seminars • Send someone to review

22. 投稿须知 • 选择合适的期刊：地区性、国际性、综合性、专业性 • 了解杂志投稿要求

23. 选择杂志 • Choose the right journal • Consider the implications of your research, yourintended audience and the message you want tocommunicate. • Ask colleagues which journals they read and respect; where are most papers in your field published?

24. 选择杂志 • Browse back-issues to understand the journal'sscope. (“who and what”-- “Impact Factor”) • Check that the format you have chosen is • acceptable (e.g., don't send a review to a journalthat only publishes original research).

25. 阅读投稿指南 • Usually in inside back cover (print version) or on website for journal • Points of journal style (manuscript text layout, subheadings, length, etc.; literature citations; illustration format/restrictions) • Specific directions for submittingmanuscript (print vs. electronic submission) • READ THE DIRECTIONS AGAIN!

26. 了解杂志刊登文章的类型 • Categories of Articles • Original full-length articles (previously unpublished material) • Short communications / case reports • Letters to the Editor / commentary • Review articles • Special communications (alerts, etc.)

27. 投稿信 Face Page • Title of article • Author list / Institutional affiliations • Designated “corresponding author” contact • information (incl. email, phone/fax) • Running (short) title • Keywords (*may be separate page) • Abbreviations (*may be separate page)

28. 封面信 Use official letterhead (verifies where you work). • Get the editor's name right! (misspelling editor’sname or sending a letter ddressed to previouseditor does not inspire confidence). • Describe SUCCINCTLY what you found and whythis will interest the readers of the journal; what iskey message / implications of your findings?WHY are you submitting to THIS particular journal?

29. 封面信 • Show an understanding of the journal's readershipand/or previous related publications. • Consult the Instructions to Authors for necessarywording (e.g., that the paper is not beingconsidered for publication by other journals; etc.) • Can recommend/exclude referees!

30. 稿件处理过程 • Editorial office receives manuscript • Editor (or Section Editor) assigns it to anEditorial Board Member (EBM) • EBM sends it to referees for review(usually with time limit, e.g,. 2 wks) • Referees file review report; EBM makes recommendation to Editor/Section Editor

31. 稿件处理程序 • Editor/Section Editor informs authors of decision • Different journals may vary in the exact stages and means usedfor handling manuscripts • Possible

32. 匿名同行评审结果 • Outright rejection • Rejection with an invitation to make major changes and resubmit (usually re-reviewed bysame referees as original) • Conditional acceptance (pending minor revisionsin response to referees’ comments) • Acceptance (unconditional; no revisions)

33. 一旦被退稿 • DON’T JUMP OFF A BRIDGE! Read the • referees' or Editor's comments carefully after theinitial disappointment has worn off. • Put away the reviews for a couple of days, thenread them again and decide, with your coauthors,whether or not to change the paper.

34. 一旦被退稿 • Re-submitting to the same journal is not usuallyworthwhile. However, if you feel the critiques arecompletely flawed, or you are able to answer the major criticisms, it may be worth appealing thedecision to the Editor. (In most cases, though, itis better to submit elsewhere.)

35. 修改意见 • Conditional on the authors responding suitably tothe referees' comments. • NOTE: Usually, you DO NOT have to make ALLthe changes indicated by the referees (unlessexplicitly told to do so by the Editor), but you dohave to adequately address all their concerns. • If you are unwilling to change something, you canREBUT the criticisms, but must give compellingarguments.

36. 修改意见 • Prepare a detailed letter of response describingEXACTLY what changes have been made to theoriginal manuscript. If reviewers number theircomments, use their numbering system for yourresponse.

37. 修改意见 • If you find errors overlooked by the referees oryou feel inspired to make changes not suggestedby the reviewers, you should identify these in thecover letter. (In most cases, Editors are happy toaccept these, since it is easier to make changesat this stage than after typesetting. )

38. 修改意见 • Some journals return revised papers to theoriginal referees; alternatively, the Editor maydecide directly whether to accept the revisedmanuscript. Editors also may send your paper toanother reviewer, e.g., a statistician. Regardless,you will get a response to your revised paper.In some cases, the Editor will request that youmake further changes. The same rules apply.

39. 文章被录用 • You will receive formal notification of acceptance (email; letter). • RETAIN THIS NOTIFICATION as proof ofacceptance. (e.g., In case you want to cite yourwork elsewhere before it is published, you mayneed to provide evidence that your manuscript is"in press“).

40. 文章被录用 • Some journals now immediately posting themanuscript version to their web sites (“EPublishedahead of print”) Another good reasonto make sure everything is 100% correct in thefinal version submitted to the journal.

41. 论文刊登之前 • You will receive “page proofs” of your manuscriptfrom the publisher. • Before it is typeset, it will undergo technical editing.(sub-editors are experts in preparing papers forprinting, good at picking up errors/inconsistencies,and putting paper into that journal’s style.

42. 论文刊登之前 • Journals usually expect a rapid response to proofs(24-48 hours, faxed, emailed, or both). Make sureEditor is informed, re: changes to correspondingauthor's contact info. • Normally, ALL CHANGES are marked directly onthe proofs; it also is a good idea to provide a coverletter, reiterating the corrections. • Sit back, relax…. or start your next paper!

43. 常见的退稿问题 • 没有理论基础 • 概念或变量的操作化与研究者所提的理论或变量并不相符。 • 对于研究中所提到的概念是什么意义未能定义清楚。 • 设计不符合科学性，对于实证研究的过程未能清楚说明。 • 对于实证数据断章取义

44. 常见的退稿问题 • 文章的整理、结构、及次序不当。 • 文体及语气不当。 • 研究设计不当。 • 稿件内容与期刊领域不符。 • 统计分析过度复杂化。 • 结论不能与实证结果呼应。 • 研究贡献不足

45. 案例

46. 计划你的论文写作 • 撰写 • 同行分享和讨论 • 修改 • 提交 • 等待 • 成功！