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Chapter 9-2

Chapter 9-2. Industrialization: Case Study of Manchester. Goals and Objectives. Upon completion students should be able to: Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization Evaluate the growing tensions between middle and working classes.

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Chapter 9-2

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  1. Chapter 9-2 • Industrialization: Case Study of Manchester

  2. Goals and Objectives Upon completion students should be able to: • Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization • Evaluate the growing tensions between middle and working classes. • Identify positive effects of the Industrial Revolution. • Describe Manchester as an industrial city.

  3. Industrialization Factory Work -Factories pay more than farms. -This led to the demand for more expensive goods Changes Life

  4. Industrial Cities Rise • Urbanization-The rise of population and movement of people leading to the growth of cities • Growing population provided workforce and market for factory goods.

  5. British Industrial cities: • The most industrialized cities were London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

  6. Living Conditions • Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums • Life span in one large city is only 17 years • Wealthy Merchants, factory owners live in • luxurious suburban homes

  7. Conditions in urban cities • Rapidly growing cities lacked sanitary conditions or building codes • Cities also lacked adequate housing, education, police and fire protection.

  8. Working Conditions • Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round • Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers • Many coal miners killed by coal dust • Women and children were often exploited in work places.

  9. The Middle Class • Middle Class-skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals • Emerging middle class is looked down upon by landowners, aristocrats • Middle class has comfortable standard of living

  10. The Working Class • Laborers’ lives not improved; • some laborers replaced by machines Luddites, other groups destroyed machinery that puts them out of work Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed riot

  11. Positives of the industrial revolution • Created jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress • Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve • Workers eventually won shorter hours, better wages and conditions

  12. Long-Term Effects • Improved living and working conditions still present today • Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements • The rise of labor unions

  13. The Mills of Manchester • Manchester has labor, water power, nearby port at Liverpool • Poor live and work unhealthy, even dangerous, environment • Business owners make profits by risking their own money on factories • Eventually, working class sees its standard of living rise some

  14. Children in Manchester Factories • Children as young as 6 work in factories;many are injured • 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours

  15. Pollution • Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river • Nonetheless, Manchester produces goods and creates wealth

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