Affect vs. effect

1. Affect vs. effect Jelena Basta jelena.basta@eknfak.ni.ac.rs

2. to affect (∂’fekt) • AFFECT (verb) = to have an influence, to influence (UTICATI NA, POGODITI, ZADESITI) Seeing thin models affects a young girl's self image. An earthquake affected Japan two years ago. NO preposition ON after ‘affect’ !!! NOT Seeing thin models affects ON a young girl's self image. An earthquake affected ON Japan two years ago.

3. an effect (n.) - (i’fekt) • AN EFFECT (noun) —  A RESULT / A CONSEQUENCE/ AN IMPRESSION (UTICAJ, DEJSTVO) Boycotts havean effect ON company profits.  Loss of profits will have an effectON company managers.  • The noun “effect” is commonly followed by the preposition ON.

4. an effect (n.) -(i’fekt) • Typical expressions with the noun “effect”: to have an effect ON sth. cause and effect – uzrokiposledica the effect OF sth. ON sth. IN effect – in essence (u suštini) to come/go INTO effect – stupitinasnagu, postatipunovažan, pravosnažan take effect – dati rezultate to the effect - to the extent – do te mere personal effects – lične stvari, lična svojina REMEMBER THESE EXPRESSIONS!!!

5. an effect (n.) -(i’fekt) • Examples: • She became thin to the effect she was too weak to walk and fainted often. • When she left, she took her personal effects with her. • The law will go into effect at the first of the year. • The new law would take effect immediately.  • Glamorous images have an effect on young girls. • They stopped hiring too-thin models which in effect meant the models would need to gain some weight to be hired.

6. an effect (n.) -(i’fekt) Typical adjectives that precede the noun “effect”: adverse -neželjen beneficial - koristan considerable -značajan cumulative - kumulativni damaging - štetan detrimental - poguban dramatic harmful immediate knock-on – sekundarni, domino major negative positive profound -dalekosežan serious side – sporedni, nus significant substantial -značajan

7. an effect (n.) -(i’fekt) Examples: A side effect – nus pojava An adverse effect – neželjeno, negativno dejstvo A knock-on effekt – domino efekat A profound effect – dalekosežno dejstvo A cumulative effect – kumulativno dejstvo (poput onog koje ima dugoročno uzimanje droga i nekih lekova) e.g. Drugs have a cumulative ___________ on human beings. If you see some of the above-mentioned adjectives, add the noun “effect”.

8. an effect (n.) -(i’fekt) Examples: • She became thin to the effect she was too weak to walk and fainted often. • When she left, she took her personal effects with her. • The law will go into effect at the first of the year. • The new law would take effect immediately.  • Glamorous images have an effect on young girls. • They stopped hiring too-thin models which in effect meant the models would need to gain some weight to be hired.

9. to effect (v.) -(i’fekt) TO EFFECT (verb) -to make something happen - to carry out - sprovesti, izvršiti, obaviti • Managers can effect change if they choose to do the right thing. • Payment should beeffectedby Friday. • Production was stopped until we effectedthe repairs. • This plan will surely effect significant improvements in our productivity.

10. To effect (v.) - (i’fekt) • What can you effect? Words that typically follow the verb “EFFECT”: achange a settlement TO EFFECT a decision a payment a repair an improvement a rule a sale AND, many other words! The list is not exhaustive.

11. TIPS • A tip for the test: First, identify the TENSE, and then decide which word you will need. Observe prepositions or typical adjectives and phrases which might help you. Always think about the meaning of the sentence. If you have a FB account, take a look at the exercise http://www.facebook.com/groups/145178842255775/doc/234457206661271/